02926nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245007400055210006900129260008000198300000700278490000600285520204200291653003102333653001102364653001002375653001902385653001002404100002402414700002302438700002902461700002202490700002302512700001802535856010702553       2014                        eng d  a1662-510200aNon-coding RNA interact to regulate neuronal development and function0 aNoncoding RNA interact to regulate neuronal development and func  aPO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLANDbFRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATIONcFEB  a470 v83 a<p>The human brain is one of the most complex biological systems, and the cognitive abilities have greatly expanded compared to invertebrates without much expansion in the number of protein coding genes. This suggests that gene regulation plays a very important role in the development and function of nervous system, by acting at multiple levels such as transcription and translation. In this article we discuss the regulatory roles of three classes of non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs)-microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) and long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in the process of neurogenesis and nervous function including control of synaptic plasticity and potential roles in neurodegenerative diseases. miRNAs are involved in diverse processes including neurogenesis where they channelize the cellular physiology toward neuronal differentiation. miRNAs can also indirectly influence neurogenesis by regulating the proliferation and self renewal of neural stem cells and are dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases. miRNAs are also known to regulate synaptic plasticity and are usually found to be co-expressed with their targets. The dynamics of gene regulation is thus dependent on the local architecture of the gene regulatory network (GRN) around the miRNA and its targets. piRNAs had been classically known to regulate transposons in the germ cells. However, piRNAs have been, recently, found to be expressed in the brain and possibly function by imparting epigenetic changes by DNA methylation. piRNAs are known to be maternally inherited and we assume that they may play a role in early development. We also explore the possible function of piRNAs in regulating the expansion of transposons in the brain. Brain is known to express several lncRNA but functional roles in brain development are attributed to a few lncRNA while functions of most of the them remain unknown. We review the roles of some known lncRNA and explore the other possible functions of lncRNAs including their interaction with miRNAs.</p>10agene expression regulation10alncRNA10amiRNA10anetwork-motifs10apiRNA1 aIyengar, Bharat, R.1 aChoudhary, Ashwani1 aSarangdhar, Mayuresh, A.1 aVenkatesh, K., V.1 aGadgil, Chetan, J.1 aPillai, Beena  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/non-coding-rna-interact-regulate-neuronal-development-and-function-001944nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260000800214300001400222490000900236520131200245100002601557700001801583700002201601700002301623856012801646       2017                        eng d00aSystematic comparison of the response properties of protein and RNA mediated gene regulatory motifs0 aSystematic comparison of the response properties of protein and   cJUN  a1235-12450 v13  3 aWe present a framework enabling the dissection of the effects of motif structure (feedback or feedforward), the nature of the controller (RNA or protein), and the regulation mode (transcriptional, post-transcriptional or translational) on the response to a step change in the input. We have used a common model framework for gene expression where both motif structures have an activating input and repressing regulator, with the same set of parameters, to enable a comparison of the responses. We studied the global sensitivity of the system properties, such as steady-state gain, overshoot, peak time, and peak duration, to parameters. We find that, in all motifs, overshoot correlated negatively whereas peak duration varied concavely with peak time. Differences in the other system properties were found to be mainly dependent on the nature of the controller rather than the motif structure. Protein mediated motifs showed a higher degree of adaptation i.e. a tendency to return to baseline levels; in particular, feedforward motifs exhibited perfect adaptation. RNA mediated motifs had a mild regulatory effect; they also exhibited a lower peaking tendency and mean overshoot. Protein mediated feedforward motifs showed higher overshoot and lower peak time compared to the corresponding feedback motifs.1 aIyengar, Bharat, Ravi1 aPillai, Beena1 aVenkatesh, K., V.1 aGadgil, Chetan, J.  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/systematic-comparison-response-properties-protein-and-rna-mediated-gene-regulatory-motifs