01240nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260010600263300001400369490000800383520037800391653002300769653003400792653001900826653001600845100003100861700002000892856012200912 2007 eng d a0957-416600aNovel hybrid of clay, cellulose, and thermoplastics. I. preparation and characterization of composites of ethylene-propylene copolymer0 aNovel hybrid of clay cellulose and thermoplastics I preparation  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAY a2672-26820 v1043 a

{The present study is aimed to prepare hybrid materials by incorporating layered silicates and microcrystalline cellulose into thermoplastic polymer. Using ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer as thermoplastic polymer matrix and maleated EP (MEP) copolymer as compatibilizer, three types of composites were prepared by (i) melt mixing of cellulose with thermoplastics [

10aabrupt contraction10aArbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian10afinite element10asimulations1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-hybrid-clay-cellulose-and-thermoplastics-i-preparation-and-characterization-002259nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260010600221300001200327490000700339520132300346653002101669653000901690653003401699653001901733653001801752653001201770100003101782700001701813700002601830700002001856856012901876 2009 eng d a0079-670000aNanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization-trends and future perspectives0 aNanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilizationtre aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUN a479-5150 v343 a

The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is extending the applications of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and technology into previously unapproached infinitesimal length scales. The polymer-nanoparticles/nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades and have been mainly focusing on the structure-property relationships and their development. Since the polymer-nanocomposites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. Thus, this article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. Among various nanoparticulates, clay minerals and carbon nanotubes are more often used in enhancing physical, mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In very few systems, the nano particulates have been incorporated into polymer as `nano-additives' for both purposes: degradation and stabilization of polymers. The degradation and durability of polymers is reviewed in the presence of nanoparticles/nanocomposites under different environmental conditions. Nanoparticle-induced biodegradation of polymers is also discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aCarbon nanotubes10aclay10aDegradation and stabilization10aNanocomposites10aNanoparticles10aPolymer1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aDepan, Dilip1 aTomer, Namrata, Singh1 aSingh, Raj, Pal uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/nanoscale-particles-polymer-degradation-and-stabilization-trends-and-future-perspectives-002152nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260005700212300001200269490000700281520136000288653003301648653002801681653001401709653002101723653002401744100002501768700002001793856012101813 2009 eng d a0170-083900aNovel allylic phosphonium salts in free radical accelerated cationic polymerization0 aNovel allylic phosphonium salts in free radical accelerated cati a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcMAR a271-2800 v623 a

In the present study, the synthesis and evaluation of novel allylic phosphonium salts as addition fragmentation agents in combination of conventional (photo-/thermal) free radical source for cationic polymerization are described. The amide based allylic phosphonium salts, namely 2-(N, N-dimethylcaboxy-propenyl) triphenylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate (DMTPH) and 2-(morpholinocarboxy-propenyl) triphenyl phosphonium hexafluoroantimonate (MTPH) were synthesized and characterized. The thermal and photo-latency of these salts was examined with and without free radical sources in bulk polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) salts at 70 A degrees C and lambda > 290 nm irradiation, respectively. In presence of thermal free radical source, the order of activity was observed as PAT > BPO > AIBN. The order of activity of free radical sources on photopolymerization was found to be benzoin > benzophenone > TMDPO. In addition, photopolymerization of other cationically polymerizable monomers (such as n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, N-vinyl carbazole and glycidyl phenyl ether) was also examined at lambda > 290 nm irradiation. It is concluded that the rate of cationic polymerization can be accelerated using novel phosphonium salts with combination of free radical sources, by both thermal and photochemical mode.

10aAddition fragmentation agent10aCationic polymerization10aInitiator10aphosphonium salt10aPhotopolymerization1 aGupta, Mukesh, Kumar1 aSingh, Raj, Pal uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-allylic-phosphonium-salts-free-radical-accelerated-cationic-polymerization-002022nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260006800226300001400294490000800308520121900316653002801535653002601563653001501589653002101604653001701625100002501642700002001667856011701687 2009 eng d a0021-899500aNovel dibenzocycloheptenyl phosphonium salts as thermolatent initiator in cationic polymerization0 aNovel dibenzocycloheptenyl phosphonium salts as thermolatent ini a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJUN a3707-37130 v1123 a

In this study, novel thermolatent cationic initiators based on dibenzocycloheptenyl phosphonium salts (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 2a, and 3a) were synthesized and their efficiency was examined in bulk polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE). The polymerization of GPE was performed with 1 mol % of dibenzocycloheptenyl triphenylphosphonium salts (1a-1d) with different counter anions (SbF(6)(-), PF(6)(-), AsF(6)(-), and BF(4)(-)) at 25-200 degrees C for 1 h. The order of initiator activity was found as 1a > 1d > 1b > 1c. To examine the effect of phosphine moiety, the activity of la was compared with dibenzocycloheptenyl-tri-n-butylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate (2a). The order of initiator activity was observed as 1a > 2a. The initiator activity of la was compared with that of 10,11-dihydro-dibenzocycloheptenyltriphenylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate (3a) to understand the effect of extended conjugation in dibenzocycloheptenyl ring. In general, with the increase in the polymerization temperature, conversion (%) also increases. The solubility of initiators in various solvents and epoxy monomers was also examined. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 3707-3713, 2009

10aCationic polymerization10aglycidyl phenyl ether10ainitiators10aphosphonium salt10athermolatent1 aGupta, Mukesh, Kumar1 aSingh, Raj, Pal uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-dibenzocycloheptenyl-phosphonium-salts-thermolatent-initiator-cationic-001760nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260005700195300001000252490000700262520094200269653003301211653001801244653001701262653002801279653001501307653002401322100002501346700002301371700002001394856010401414 2010 eng d a0170-083900aNovel addition-fragmentation agent in cationic photopolymerization0 aNovel additionfragmentation agent in cationic photopolymerizatio a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcJUN a25-340 v653 a

The aim of present study is to examine the photo-initiation efficiency of N,N-dimethylacrylamide-based allylic ammonium salt as one component addition-fragmentation agent (cationic photoinitiator cum radical source) in free radical accelerated cationic polymerization. Novel addition-fragmentation agent (AFA), 2-(N,N-dimethylcarboxy-3-propenyl)(phenylcarbonyl-4-phenylene) dimethyl ammonium hexafluoroantimonate (DMPDA) was synthesized as cationic photoinitiator and its initiation efficiency was examined in polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO), isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), and n-butyl vinyl ether (n-BVE) in CH(2)Cl(2) solvent at wavelength lambda > 290 nm. The rate of polymerization increases with the increase in initiator concentration and reaction time. The results demonstrate that DMPDA acts as an efficient photoinitiator (AFA) without use of radical source in free radical accelerated cationic polymerization.

10aAddition-fragmentation agent10aAmmonium salt10aBenzophenone10aCationic polymerization10aOnium salt10aPhotopolymerization1 aGupta, Mukesh, Kumar1 aMehare, Rupali, S.1 aSingh, Raj, Pal uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-addition-fragmentation-agent-cationic-photopolymerization-0