02034nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260000800236300000800244490000700252520115000259653002501409653002901434653002701463653003101490653001401521653002801535100002701563700002101590700002101611700003001632856013001662 2022 eng d00aAssembly, annotation, and comparative whole genome sequence of fusarium verticillioides isolated from stored maize grains0 aAssembly annotation and comparative whole genome sequence of fus cJUL a8100 v113 a

Fusarium verticillioides is a plant pathogenic fungus affecting a wide range of crops worldwide due to its toxigenic properties. F. verticillioides BIONCL4 strain was isolated from stored maize grain samples in India, and produces high amount of fumonisin B1 (FB1). We report a comparative genomic analysis of F. verticillioides, covering the basic genome information, secretome, and proteins involved in host-pathogen interactions and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina platform with an assembly size of 42.91 Mb, GC content of 48.24%, and 98.50% coverage with the reference genome (GCA000149555). It encodes 15,053 proteins, including 2058 secretory proteins, 676 classical secretory proteins, and 569 virulence and pathogenicity-related proteins. There were also 1447 genes linked to carbohydrate active enzymes (CaZymes) and 167 genes related to mycotoxin production. Furthermore, F. verticillioides genome comparison revealed information about the species' evolutionary history. The overall study helps in disease prevention and management of mycotoxins to ensure food safety.

10acomparative genomics10aFusarium verticillioides10amycotoxin biosynthesis10aplant-pathogen interaction10aSecretome10awhole-genome sequencing1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aGowda, Varun, U.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/assembly-annotation-and-comparative-whole-genome-sequence-fusarium-verticillioides-isolated02376nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260000800239300001400247490000700261520161400268653001601882653002101898653002501919653001501944653001401959100002701973700003002000856012802030 2022 eng d a0141-549200aToxicity and preventive approaches of Fusarium derived mycotoxins using lactic acid bacteria: state of the art0 aToxicity and preventive approaches of Fusarium derived mycotoxin cOCT a1111-11260 v443 a

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a serious food safety issue and causes acute and chronic diseases in humans and livestock. Climatic and agronomic changes helps in the proliferation of fungal growth and mycotoxin production in food commodities. Mycotoxin contamination has attracted global attention due to its wide range of toxicity to humans and animals. However, physical and chemical management approaches in practice are unsafe for well-being due to their health-hazardous nature. Various antibiotics and preservatives are in use to reduce the microbial load and improve the shelf life of food products. In addition, the use of antibiotic growth promotors in livestock production may increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance, which is a global health concern. Due to their many uses, probiotics are helpful microbes that have a significant impact on food and nutrition. Furthermore, the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is employed in various food and feed preparations to neutralize mycotoxins, antimicrobial activities, balance the gut microbiome, and various immunomodulatory activities in both humans and livestock. In addition, LAB produces various antimicrobials, flavouring agents, peptides, and proteins linked to various food and health care applications. The LAB-based processes for mycotoxin management are more effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost than physical and chemical approaches. The toxicity, novel preventive measures, binding nature, and molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins' detoxification using LAB have been highlighted in this review.

10aFood safety10aFusarium species10aLactic acid bacteria10amanagement10aMycotoxin1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/toxicity-and-preventive-approaches-fusarium-derived-mycotoxins-using-lactic-acid-bacteria02467nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260000800220300001400228490000700242520169800249653001401947653001601961653002901977653001402006653001802020100002702038700002102065700003002086856012102116 2023 eng d a1415-475700aGenetic diversity of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides associated with maize grains, India0 aGenetic diversity of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides associat cMAY ae202200730 v463 a

In the present investigation, prevalence, genetic diversity, and mycotoxin producing potential of Fusarium species associated with maize grain samples were studied from different geographical regions of India. The highest prevalence of Fusarium verticillioides was recorded as 88.52%, followed by F. coffeatum, F. foetens, and F. euwallaceae, 6.55%, 3.27%, and 1.63%, respectively. We isolated 54 strains of F. verticillioides, and their genetic diversity was studied by inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). The ISSR fingerprints (AG) 8C and (AG) 8G showed 252 and 368 microsatellite sites in the genome of F. verticillioides and resulted in 99-100% repeatability and reproducibility. The Simpson (SID) and Shannon (H) indices (0.78 and 2.36) suggest that F. verticillioides strains exhibit moderate to high diversity. Molecular detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthetic genes (FUM1 and FUM13) involved in FB1 production in F. verticillioides was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, 91% of the strains were positive for FB1 production, which was affirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). In-vitro appurtenance of F. verticillioides spores exhibited a high to moderate effect on the growth and development of the maize. The current finding demonstrated that most F. verticillioides strains showed a wide range of genetic diversity with varied toxigenic and pathogenic potentials. In conclusion, for the first time, F. coffeatum, F. foetens, and F. euwallaceae species were reported from maize grain samples in India. They were positive for FB1 and negatively affecting grain quality, which is a major concern in food safety.

10adiversity10aFood safety10aFusarium verticillioides10aMycotoxin10apathogenicity1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/genetic-diversity-toxigenic-fusarium-verticillioides-associated-maize-grains-india02850nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260000800245300000900253490000700262520199000269653002202259653004302281653003902324653003502363653002902398100002102427700002702448700003002475856012702505 2023 eng d00aIsolation and molecular characterization of indigenous penicillium chrysogenum/rubens strain portfolio for penicillin V production0 aIsolation and molecular characterization of indigenous penicilli cAPR a11320 v113 a

Beta (beta)-lactam antibiotic is an industrially important molecule produced by Penicillium chrysogenum/rubens. Penicillin is a building block for 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), an important active pharmaceutical intermediate (API) used for semi-synthetic antibiotics biosynthesis. In this investigation, we isolated and identified Penicillium chrysogenum, P. rubens, P. brocae, P. citrinum, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. sydowii, Talaromyces tratensis, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, P. oxalicum, and P. dipodomyicola using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the beta-tubulin (BenA) gene for precise species identification from Indian origin. Furthermore, the BenA gene distinguished between complex species of P. chrysogenum and P. rubens to a certain extent which partially failed by the ITS region. In addition, these species were distinguished by metabolic markers profiled by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Secalonic acid, Meleagrin, and Roquefortine C were absent in P. rubens. The crude extract evaluated for PenV production by antibacterial activities by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus NCIM-2079. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous detection of 6-APA, phenoxymethyl penicillin (PenV), and phenoxyacetic acid (POA). The pivotal objective was the development of an indigenous strain portfolio for PenV production. Here, a library of 80 strains of P. chrysogenum/rubens was screened for PenV production. Results showed 28 strains capable of producing PenV in a range from 10 to 120 mg/L when 80 strains were screened for its production. In addition, fermentation parameters, precursor concentration, incubation period, inoculum size, pH, and temperature were monitored for the improved PenV production using promising P. rubens strain BIONCL P45. In conclusion, P. chrysogenum/rubens strains can be explored for the industrial-scale PenV production.

10abeta-tubulin gene10ahigh-performance liquid chromatography10ainternal transcribed spacer region10aPenicillium chrysogenum/rubens10aphenoxymethyl penicillin1 aSawant, Amol, M.1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/isolation-and-molecular-characterization-indigenous-penicillium-chrysogenumrubens-strain01756nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240300001600248490000600264520104300270100002701313700002601340700002601366700003001392700002201422856011801444 2023 eng d a2470-134300aMetabolites from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis: isolation, structure elucidation, and antimicrobial activity0 aMetabolites from lactococcus lactis subsp lactis isolation struc cSEP a36628-366350 v83 a

Herein, we disclose the identification of novel metabolites from a potential probiotic strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, obtained from traditional dairy milk samples collected in Maharashtra, India (in January 2021). Isolated metabolites include pyrazin-2-carboxamide [1, pyrazinamide, a potential antitubercular drug], 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (2, DDMP), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (3), and hexadecanoic acid (4, palmitic acid). The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated through extensive 1D NMR (H-1 and C-13) and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) analyses, high-resolution mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, these novel metabolites exhibited potent inhibitory activities against various bacteria, fungi, and yeast strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 1.56 and 25 mu g/mL, and compounds 1 and 3 were found to be most active against a wide range of microbial strains tested.

1 aNavale, Vishwambar, D.1 aBorade, Balasaheb, R.1 aKrishna, Gamidi, Rama1 aVamkudoth, Koteswara, Rao1 aKontham, Ravindar uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/metabolites-lactococcus-lactis-subsp-lactis-isolation-structure-elucidation-and