01922nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260000900276300001400285490000700299520108500306653001301391653002501404653001301429653002401442653001401466100001901480700002801499700002301527700000501550856012501555       2020                        eng d  a2470-155600aSynthesis and characterization of supported heteropoly acid: efficient solid acid catalyst for glycerol esterification to produce biofuel additives0 aSynthesis and characterization of supported heteropoly acid effi  cNOV   a1157-11650 v503 a<p>Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid has been studied with different solid acid catalysts, prepared by impregnating phospotungustic, silicotungstic, and phosphomolybdic acids on polymeric material polyvinylpyrrolidone. These results were compared with commercially available montmorillonite KSFO catalyst showed that PVP-DTP gave higher selectivity to di- and triacetins. This study was mainly focused on increasing the selectivity toward triacetin which is an excellent alternative to fossil fuel based fuel additives. The detail characterization was done for the PVP-DTP catalyst which gave complete conversion of glycerol and maximum selectivity of 34% toward triacetin. Complete conversion of glycerol was achieved at 110 degrees C within 6 h of reaction time. The characterization of the catalyst was performed by SEM/EDX, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetic techniques, and FT-IR analysis.TPD-NH3 characterization showed that DTP supported on PVP increases the catalyst acidity of PVP. The highest acidity of PVP-DTP is also confirmed using NH3-TPD analysis.</p>
10aGlycerol10aphospostugustic acid10apovidone10asolid acid catalyst10atriacetin1 aMagar, Subhash1 aMohanraj, Govindraj, T.1 aJana, Sumit, Kumar1 a  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-supported-heteropoly-acid-efficient-solid-acid-catalyst01865nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001400245490000800259520106200267653001801329653002101347653001301368653001301381653002201394100002501416700002201441700002601463700000501489856012901494       2023                        eng d  a0008-403400aActivity performance and kinetics for glycerol carbonylation with urea over Zn-Co mixed metal oxide catalyst0 aActivity performance and kinetics for glycerol carbonylation wit  cAPR  a2075-20930 v1013 a<p>
	Efficient carbonylation of glycerol using urea with Zn-Co mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalyst has been achieved. Various methods of catalyst preparation were explored for glycerol carbonate (GC) synthesis. The optimized method of catalyst preparation was found to be co-precipitation (CP) with a Zn:Co ratio of 70:30, achieving 81% glycerol conversion with 97% GC selectivity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the formation of ZnO, Co-3 O-4, and spinel ZnCo2O4 phases. Thermal treatment given to the catalyst allows insertion of Zn cations into Co3O4 lattice forming ZnCo2O4 phase which was also evidenced in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Herein, for the first time, reaction kinetics was studied to propose the rate equation, based on which a plausible reaction pathway is proposed involving two-site adsorption of glycerol (basic site) and urea (acidic site), which undergo carbonylation followed by cyclization into GC. A recycle study and hot filtration test have proven the reusability of the catalyst.</p>
10aCarbonylation10acyclic carbonate10aGlycerol10akinetics10amixed metal oxide1 aKondawar, Sharda, E.1 aKasar, Gaytri, B.1 aKhatua, Angshuman, S.1 a  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/activity-performance-and-kinetics-glycerol-carbonylation-urea-over-zn-co-mixed-metal-oxide