01686nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260008600244300001400330490000800344520071500352653002701067653002101094653001901115100002601134700002001160700001901180700001801199700001301217700002201230700002301252700001801275856012701293 2005 eng d a1060-132500aPhotodegradation of ethylene/propylene/polar monomers co- and terpolymers. I - Prepared by group 4 catalyst systems0 aPhotodegradation of ethylenepropylenepolar monomers co and terpo a325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcSEP a1259-12700 vA423 a

The photooxidative degradation behavior of polyethylene, its copolymers (propylene/polar monomers) and terpolymers, synthesized by a group 4 catalyst system, has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and confirmed with scanning elecrton microscopy for morphological changes. The kinetics of photodegradation has also been studied. Surface damage caused by polychromatic (>= 290 nm) at 55 degrees C in air is presented in different micrographs. The rate of photodegradation is very fast in terpolymers containing polar monomers as compared with copolymers and polyethylene. Morphological study of these photodegraded samples showed a very good relation with photodegradation results.

10afunctional polyolefins10aPhotodegradation10aUV irradiation1 aFernandes, Susete, N.1 aCorreia, Sandra1 aPrasad, A., V.1 aReddy, K., R.1 aRana, S.1 aLonkar, Sunil, P.1 aMarques, Maria, M.1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photodegradation-ethylenepropylenepolar-monomers-co-and-terpolymers-i-prepared-group-4-002781nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260007500249300001200324490000700336520186000343653001902203653003702222653001502259653003402274653002202308100002002330700002502350700002002375700001802395856012602413 2006 eng d a1566-254300aPhoto-bio-degradability of agro waste and ethylene-propylene copolymers composites under abiotic and biotic environments0 aPhotobiodegradability of agro waste and ethylenepropylene copoly a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERScAPR a203-2120 v143 a

Composites were prepared by two methods, (i) graft copolymerization (GFC) of isotactic polypropylene (PP) with maliec anhydride, (MAH) followed by esterification with coir fiber and (ii) by direct reactive mixing (DFC) of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymers with MAH and peroxide with coir fiber. These composites, after molding in films (5 x 5 cm, - 100 mu m thickness) were examined for susceptibility to biological attack by measuring the percentage weight loss in compost upto 6 months, periodically, and fungal colonization on surface of the samples, when kept as sole carbon source for the growth of Aspergillus niger in culture medium upto 40 days. Photodegradation was evaluated by monitoring the variations in FT-IR spectrum and crack formation after successive treatment with UV light (>= 290 nm) for 0, 20, 50 and 100 h at 60 C in the presence of air. Specimens of virgin PP were taken as a reference during all period of photo and biodegradation studies. Significant changes were observed depending on the preparation methods during photodegradation and biodisintegration of composites. DFCs samples were disintegrated faster than GFCs during the composting whereas, in culture, GFCs were covered highly in well uniform way by fungi. It was observed that photo-oxidative ageing directly enhanced the biodegradability of composites as the increase in fungal growth rate and decrease in weight during composting were found. It was concluded that extent of compatibilization had a profound effect on photo-oxidation and biodisintegration of composite material; consequently ester bonds were main units during fungal consumption. Composition of monomers in copolymers was also showing significant effect on the degradability which decreased with increasing content of ethylene in ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymers.

10aBiodegradation10abiodisintegration and composting10acomposites10aethylene-propylene copolymers10aphoto-degradation1 aKumar, Pratheep1 aPandey, Jitendra, K.1 aKumar, Bijendra1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photo-bio-degradability-agro-waste-and-ethylene-propylene-copolymers-composites-under-001983nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006800124260009900192300001400291490000700305520111100312653000901423653001801432653002401450653001801474100002901492700002201521700002301543700002001566700001801586700002401604856010101628 2006 eng d a0141-391000aPhotooxidation of vulcanized EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites0 aPhotooxidation of vulcanized EPDMmontmorillonite nanocomposites aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC a3033-30390 v913 a

The photooxidation of a vulcanized ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)/montmorillonite nanocomposite as well as EPDM/nanocomposite with stabilizers was studied under accelerated UV-light irradiation (lambda >= 300 nm, 60 degrees C) for different times. The development of functional groups during oxidation was monitored by infrared spectroscopy. Photodegradation of the neat polymer and composites took place and the increases of absorbance in hydroxyl and carbonyl groups with irradiation times and also the decreases of the EPDM unsaturations were measured. The data indicated that the photooxidation products were not changed in the presence of the nanofiller. However, the presence of MMt was observed to dramatically enhance the rate of photooxidation of EPDM with a shortening of the oxidation induction time, leading to a decrease of the durability of the nanocomposites. On the other hand, it was observed that addition of stabilizers, either Tinuvin P or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, was efficient in inhibiting the degradative effect of MMt. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aEPDM10aNanocomposite10aphotooxidation rate10astabilization1 aMorlat-Therias, Sandrine1 aFanton, Elisabeth1 aTomer, Namrata, S.1 aRana, Sravendra1 aSingh, R., P.1 aGardette, Jean, Luc uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photooxidation-vulcanized-epdmmontmorillonite-nanocomposites-001890nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260008700219300001200306490000700318520100000325653001901325653001601344653000901360653002201369653001901391653001901410100002001429700002101449700002001470700001801490856012801508 2006 eng d a0892-705700aPreparation and performance evaluation of EPDM nanocomposites under accelerated weathering0 aPreparation and performance evaluation of EPDM nanocomposites un a1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLANDbSAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDcSEP a461-4740 v193 a

The degradability of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposites, prepared from organically modified montmorillonite (CMMT), is studied under accelerated UV irradiation (lambda >= 290 nm) for different time intervals. The development of functional groups during degradation is monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy whereas, surface changes are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of clay modifier and clay concentration on the degradability are studied. The degradation of neat polymer and composites taking place traditionally and an increase in carbonyl and hydroxyl groups are observed with irradiation time. Neat EPDM is found to be less degradable than nanocomposites. Degradation products, as seen by FT-IR in nanocomposites are found to be the same as in neat polymer but are generated at a faster rate. According to the experimental results, one can define that both ammonium ion and neat montmorillonite (MMT) accelerate the photo-oxidation of EPDM.

10acarbonyl index10aDegradation10aEPDM10alayered silicates10aNanocomposites10aphotooxidation1 aRana, Sravendra1 aTevtia, Amit, K.1 aKumar, Bijendra1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-performance-evaluation-epdm-nanocomposites-under-accelerated-weathering-002029nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260007600241300001400317490000800331520102100339653002101360653001301381653002101394653001901415653001401434100002601448700002001474700001601494700002301510700002001533700002001553700001801573700001801591856013001609 2007 eng d a0021-899500aPhotodegradation of ethylene/propylene/polar monomers, Co-, and terpolymers. II. prepared by Ni catalyst systems0 aPhotodegradation of ethylenepropylenepolar monomers Co and terpo aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcMAY a1783-17910 v1043 a

The copolymers of ethylene/propylene as well as their terpolymers with polar monomers were prepared by Ni-catalyst systems and their photodegradation behavior was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polar monomers used to synthesize co- and terpolymers of ethylene/propylene/polar monomer were 5-hexen-1-ol, 10-undecen-1-ol, acrylamide, methylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile, and methylvinyl ketone. The morphological changes of the irradiated samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The photodegradation kinetics has also been studied. The surface damage caused by polychromatic irradiation (lambda >= 290 nm) at 55 degrees C in atmospheric air is presented in different micrographs. The rate of photo-oxidative degradation is very fast in terpolymers containing polar monomers as compared with copolymers and homopolymers. The morphological study of the photodegraded samples showed a very good correlation with the photodegraded results. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10acopolymerization10aEthylene10aPhotodegradation10apolar monomers10apropylene1 aFernandes, Susete, N.1 aCorreia, Sandra1 aMatos, Ines1 aMarques, Maria, M.1 aRana, Sravendra1 aKumar, Bijandra1 aGupta, M., K.1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photodegradation-ethylenepropylenepolar-monomers-co-and-terpolymers-ii-prepared-ni-catalyst01678nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260010000238300001200338490000600350520084700356653000901203653003001212653002001242653002301262100001401285700001301299700001801312856013001330 2007 eng d a1788-618X00aPhoto-oxidation of EPDM/layered double hydroxides composites: influence of layered hydroxides and stabilizers0 aPhotooxidation of EPDMlayered double hydroxides composites influ aDEPT POLYMER ENG, MUEGYETEM RKP 3, BUDAPEST, H-1111, HUNGARYbBUDAPEST UNIV TECHNOL & ECONcNOV a748-7540 v13 a

The photo-oxidation of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites as well as EPDM/LDH with stabilizers is studied under accelerated UV irradiation (lambda >= 290 nm) at 60 degrees C for different time intervals. The development of functional groups during oxidation was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The photo-degradation of the pristine polymer and composites take place and the increase in hydroxyl and carbonyl groups with irradiation times, was estimated. EPDM filled LDH showed higher degradation rate than pristine EPDM, while in acidic medium EPDM/LDH showed almost equal degradation as in isolated conditions. These results show the advantages of LDHs as a filler as well as an acid killer. The effect of stabilizers is very less because of their concentration in comparison of LDH.

10aEPDM10alayered double hydroxides10aPhoto-oxidation10apolymer composites1 aKumar, B.1 aRana, S.1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photo-oxidation-epdmlayered-double-hydroxides-composites-influence-layered-hydroxides-and-001673nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260006700200300001200267490000700279520105600286100002001342700001901362700001801381856010401399 2009 eng d a0272-839700aPhotodegradation of EPDM/MWCNT nanocomposites: effect of singlet oxygen0 aPhotodegradation of EPDMMWCNT nanocomposites effect of singlet o a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcJUL a855-8600 v303 a

The photo-oxidation of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites has been studied under accelerated UV-irradiation (lambda >= 290 nm) in the presence of singlet oxygen. The rate of photodegradation of EPDM/MWCNT is found to be higher when compared to the pristine polymer in presence of singlet oxygen. The enhancement of the rate of degradation of composite has been described through [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction between singlet oxygen and double bonds on composite which is followed by cleavage. The rate of degradation and the formation of new functional groups on the composite has been monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and found to be increased with irradiation time. The changes in surface morphology have been studied by scanning electron microscope. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed an increase in the glass transition temperature of photodegraded EPDM and EPDM/MWCNT nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 30:855-860, 2009. (C) 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers

1 aKumar, Bijandra1 aKumar, Indresh1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/photodegradation-epdmmwcnt-nanocomposites-effect-singlet-oxygen-002691nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260009900240300001400339490000700353520173200360653002902092653004302121653003302164100002202197700002902219700001602248700002002264700002402284700001802308856012302326 2009 eng d a0032-386100aPreparation and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polypropylene/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites0 aPreparation and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polypr aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcMAR a1505-15150 v503 a

Polypropylene (PP)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via melt intercalation using dodecyl sulfate anion modified LDH and maleated PP as compatibilizing agent. Evidently the interlayer anions in LDH galleries react with maleic anhydride groups of PP-g-MA and lead to a finer dispersion of individual LDH layers in the PP matrix. The nanostructure was characterized by XRD and TEM; the examinations confirmed the nanocomposite formation with exfoliated/intercalated layered double hydroxides well distributed in the PP matrix. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior of resulting nanocomposites was extensively studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique at various cooling rates. In nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, the Ozawa approach failed to describe the crystallization behavior of nanocomposites, whereas the Avrami analysis and Jeziorny method well define the crystallization behavior of PP/LDH nanocomposite. Combined Avrami and Ozawa analysis (Liu model) also found useful. The results revealed that very small amounts of LDH (1%) could accelerate the crystallization process relative to the pure PP and increase in the crystallization rates was attributed to the nucleating effect of the nanoparticles. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) observations also support the DSC results. The effective crystallization activation energy was estimated as a function of the relative degree of crystallinity using the isoconversional analysis. Overall, results indicated that the LDH particles in nanometer size might act as nucleating agent and distinctly change the type of nucleation, growth and geometry of PP crystals. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aLayered double hydroxide10aNonisothermal crystallization kinetics10aPolypropylene nanocomposites1 aLonkar, Sunil, P.1 aMorlat-Therias, Sandrine1 aCaperaa, N.1 aLeroux, Fabrice1 aGardette, Jean, Luc1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-nonisothermal-crystallization-behavior-polypropylenelayered-double-002304nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260009900249300001200348490000800360520133900368653003001707653001301737653003001750653004401780653002301824653002901847100002401876700002101900700001801921856012301939 2015 eng d a0144-861700aPreparation and characterization of self-photostabilizing UV-durable bionanocomposite membranes for outdoor applications0 aPreparation and characterization of selfphotostabilizing UVdurab aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN a164-1730 v1233 a

Here, we report a durable and ultraviolet (UV) resistant nanocomposite membrane of chitosan (CS) with effective photostabilization ascribed to Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully dispersed in the solution of chitosan polymer. The nanocomposite films with the homogenous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix were obtained by solution casting method and the influence of ZnO nanoparticles as a photostabilizer was studied. The nanocomposite membranes were photoirradiated by polychromatic radiations with lambda > 300 nm using mercury vapour lamps in SEPAP instrument. The resulting nanocomposite material exhibited excellent UV-resistance in very low percentages of ZnO nanoparticles. The chitosan membranes showed fast degradation attributes than the nanocomposite membranes. ZnO nanoparticles effectively absorbed UV radiations, thus protecting polymer from radiation degradation. The neat and irradiated nanocomposites of chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles (CS/ZnO) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy for the chemical changes/degradation taking place. Chitosan nanocomposites were further characterized for tensile properties, contact angle measurements and surface morphology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aBionanocomposite membrane10aChitosan10aContact angle measurement10aFourier transform infrared spectroscopy10aPhotostabilization10aZinc oxide nanoparticles1 aKushwaha, Omkar, S.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aSingh, R., P. uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-characterization-self-photostabilizing-uv-durable-bionanocomposite-0