02940nas a2200157   4500008004100000245014500041210007100186260000800257490000600265520228400271100002102555700002302576700001902599700002602618856013802644       2024                        eng d00aReview on the recent advances in the design and structure–activity relationship of TiO2-based photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production0 aReview on the recent advances in the design and structure–activi  cJUN0 v33 a<p>
	<span style="color: rgb(19, 19, 20); font-family: &quot;Inter Var&quot;, Inter, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The major issues that determine the efficiency of photocatalyst composite materials for solar hydrogen production, with or without a sacrificial agent, are efficient visible light harvesting properties, efficient separation of charge carriers and their utilization of redox sites, and stability. Thus, significant efforts have been devoted in the past few decades to modify the above characteristics by integrating constituent components of composites using different approaches. In the present review, we aim to summarize the recent advances, predominantly, in the area of TiO2-based photocatalyst composites for solar hydrogen production. Firstly, we present the recent progress in material integration aspects by discussing the integration of TiO2 with different categories of materials, including noble/3d metals, metal oxides/sulphides/selenides, other low bandgap semiconductors, C-based materials, and dye sensitizers. Furthermore, we discuss how material integration helps in tailoring the electronic and optical properties for activity tuning in solar H2 production. Subsequently, critical changes in the physico-chemical and electronic properties of composites with respect to their preparation methods, morphology, crystallographic facets, particle size, dopant, calcination temperature, and structure–activity relationship to solar hydrogen production are addressed in detail. Moreover, we discuss the importance of fabricating a photocatalyst in a thin film form and performing solar hydrogen production in different reactor set-ups for enhancing its photocatalytic performance, while addressing device scalability. Despite the significant advancements made in this field, solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency still needs to be improved to realise the practical application of solar hydrogen production. In this case, the direct conversion of water to hydrogen via overall water splitting and renewable H2 production from wastewater or biomass components by employing suitable photocatalysts are some possible ways to improve the energy efficiency, and continuous research in the above directions is highly desirable.</span></p>
1 aMani, Sunesh, S.1 aRajendran, Sivaraj1 aMathew, Thomas1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda  uhttp://library.ncl.res.in/content/review-recent-advances-design-and-structure%E2%80%93activity-relationship-tio2-based-photocatalysts