@article { ISI:000229118100006, title = {Extracellular biosynthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles}, journal = {Small}, volume = {1}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, month = {MAY}, pages = {517-520}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, keywords = {alloys, Biosynthesis, composites, enzymes, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1613-6810}, doi = {10.1002/smll.200400053}, author = {Senapati, S. and Ahmad, Absar and Khan, Mohammad Islam and Sastry, M. and Kumar, R.} } @article { ISI:000205747600006, title = {Extra-/intracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by an alkalotolerant fungus, trichothecium sp.}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {MAR}, pages = {47-53}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, type = {Article}, address = {25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA}, abstract = {

The development of reliable, eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials is an important aspect of nanotechnology. As part of our ongoing investigation into the use of fungi for nanoparticle synthesis, we report herein that depending on the reaction conditions of the fungus Trichothecium sp. with aqueous gold ions, gold nanoparticle synthesis can be controlled to occur either within the biomass or extracellularly. Moreover, we have found that reaction of gold ions with the Trichothecium sp. fungal biomass under stationary conditions results in the rapid extracellular formation of gold nanoparticles of spherical, rod-like and triangular morphology whereas reaction of the biomass under shaking conditions resulted in intracellular growth of the nanoparticles. It is believed that on changing the reaction conditions of the fungus with gold ions, the enzymes and proteins which are being released into the medium under stationary conditions do not get released under shaking conditions resulting in the formation of extracellular or intracellular gold nanoparticles respectively. The gold nanoparticles are not toxic to the cells and the cells continued to grow after the biosynthesis of the gold nanoparticles in both the cases.

}, keywords = {Biosynthesis, enzymes, Fungus, Gold, Morphology Control, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1550-7033}, doi = {10.1166/jbn.2005.012}, author = {Ahmad, Absar and Senapati, Satyajyoti and Khan, Mohammad Islam and Kumar, Rajiv and Sastry, Murali} } @article { ISI:000226473300007, title = {Interfacing biology with nanoparticles}, journal = {Current Applied Physics}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, year = {2005}, note = {Indo-Japan Workshop on Advanced Molecular Electronics and Bionics, Kyushu Inst Technol, Grad Sch Life Sci \& Syst Engn, Kitakyushu, JAPAN, DEC 11-13, 2003}, month = {FEB}, pages = {118-127}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

New approaches are constantly being developed for both the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials and their surface modification for sensing and electronic applications. Insofar as surface modification of gold nanoparticles is concerned, thiol chemistry is the most popular approach to bind ligands to their surface. We have been pursuing the possibility of using amine functionality to bind ligands to the surface of gold nanoparticles and have found that amine binding is as strong as thiol binding. The advantages of using amine chemistry for surface modification of nanogold are many, the possibility of complexing a large variety of biomolecules such as amino acids and proteins being one of the most important. In this article, we review the work from this laboratory on the stabilization of gold nanoparticles using amino acids as well as using amino acids as reducing agents to obtain stable aqueous solutions of gold nanoparticles of variable size. We also discuss the possibility of forming bioconjugates of enzymes with gold nanoparticles decorating the surface of polymer microspheres and their application as reusable biocatalysts. There is much to be gained by marrying nanomaterials with biology with considerable spin-offs likely in both nanotechnology and biotechnology. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {amino acids{\textquoteright} enzyme immobilization, Nanoparticles, Proteins}, issn = {1567-1739}, doi = {10.1016/j.cap.2004.06.006}, author = {Mandal, Sujata and Phadtare, S. and Sastry, M.} } @article { ISI:000230436500003, title = {Photoluminescent core-shell particles of organic dye in silica}, journal = {Journal of Luminescence}, volume = {114}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {JUL}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Using a single silica precursor, Rhodamine 6G organic dye molecules have been entrapped in silica particles resulting into core-shell particles of similar to 500 nm diameter. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that dye molecules are trapped inside the silica particles. Photoluminescence investigations show that highly luminescent and photostable core-shell particles are formed. Such core-shell particles can be easily suspended in water and would be useful for a variety of applications. However, there is a blue shift in the photolumineseence wavelength in case of core-shell particles compared to bare dye powder sample. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {core-shell, Luminescence, Nanoparticles, photoemission, RH06G dye, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)}, issn = {0022-2313}, doi = {10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.11.005}, author = {Ethiraj, Anita S. and Hebalkar, Neha and Kharrazi, Sharmin and Urban, J. and Sainkar, S. R. and Kulkarni, S. K.} } @article { ISI:000231605600022, title = {Silver nanoparticles of variable morphology synthesized in aqueous foams as novel templates}, journal = {Bulletin of Materials Science}, volume = {28}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, month = {AUG}, pages = {503-510}, publisher = {INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES}, type = {Article}, address = {C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA}, abstract = {

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of silver nanocrystals within aqueous foams as a template More specifically, we show that aqueous Ag+ ions may be electrostatically complexed with the anionic surfactants aerosol OT (sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, (AOT) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) in a highly stable liquid foam. After drainage of the foam, the silver ions are reduced in situ by introducing sodium borohydride into the foam by capillary flow. This leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles of spherical, tape- and sheet-like morphology in the foam. The structure of the foam is extremely complex and presents reaction sites of different spatial extent. The differences in foam reaction-site geometry are believed to be responsible for the morphology variation in the silver nanoparticles observed. The silver nanoparticles are observed to be extremely stable in solution suggesting that the AOT or SDS molecules stabilize them. This approach appears promising for application in large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles and may be readily extended to other chemical compositions.

}, keywords = {Chemical synthesis, composites, foam, Intercalation, Nanoparticles}, issn = {0250-4707}, doi = {10.1007/BF02711244}, author = {Mandal, Sujata and Arumugam, S. K. and Pasricha, R. and Sastry, M.} } @article { ISI:000232886800008, title = {Synthesis and analysis of ZnO and CdSe nanoparticles}, journal = {Pramana-Journal of Physics}, volume = {65}, number = {4, SI}, year = {2005}, note = {1st National Conference on Nanoscience and Technology, Pune, INDIA, MAR 07-08, 2005}, month = {OCT}, pages = {615-620}, publisher = {INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES}, type = {Article}, address = {C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA}, abstract = {

Zinc oxide and cadmium selenide particles in the nanometer size regime have been synthesized using chemical routes. The particles were capped using thioglycerol in case of ZnO and 2-mercaptoethanol in case of CdSe to achieve the stability and avoid the coalescence. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were doped with europium to study their optical properties. A variety of techniques like UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to carry out structural and spectroscopic characterizations of the nanoparticles.

}, keywords = {chemical capping, Doping, Nanoparticles, photoluminescence}, issn = {0304-4289}, doi = {10.1007/BF03010449}, author = {Ashtaputre, S. S. and Deshpande, Aparna and Marathe, Sayali and Wankhede, M. E. and Chimanpure, J. and Pasricha, R. and Urban, J. and Haram, Santosh K. and Gosavi, S. W. and Kulkarni, S. K.} } @article { ISI:000236784200028, title = {Finite size effects on the structural and magnetic properties of sol-gel synthesized NiFe2O4 powders}, journal = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, volume = {302}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {JUL}, pages = {190-195}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Nanoparticles of nickel ferrite have been synthesized by the sol-gel method and the effect of grain size oil its structural and magnetic properties have been Studied in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that all the samples are single phasic possessing the inverse spinel structure. Grain size of the sol-gel synthesized powders has been determined from the XRD data and the strain graph. A grain size of 9 nm was observed for the as prepared powders of NiFe2O4 obtained through the sol-gel method. It was also observed that strain was induced during the firing process. Magnetization measurements have been carried out on all the samples prepared in the present series. It was found that the specific magnetization of the nanosized NiFe2O4 powders was lower than that of the corresponding coarse-grained counterparts and decreased with a decrease in grain size. The coercivity of the sol-gel synthesized NiFe2O4 nanoparticles attained a maximum value when the grain size was 15 nm and then decreased as the grain size was increased further. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {grain size, magnetic properties, Nanoparticles, Nickel ferrite, strain}, issn = {0304-8853}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.08.029}, author = {George, M. and John, A. M. and Nair, S. S. and Joy, Pattayil Alias and Anantharaman, Maliemadom R.} } @article { ISI:000237748700007, title = {Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water by ZnO nanoparticles: revisited}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General}, volume = {304}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {MAY}, pages = {55-61}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Nanoscale photocatalysts have attracted much attention due to their high surface area to volume ratios. This work investigates the photodegradation of organic contaminants using the fluorescence emission characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-nano) in aqueous solutions. This is accomplished by preparing nanocrystalline ZnO; the presence of organic contaminants in water is readily detected from the quenching of fluorescence observed from ZnO semiconductor films. Photolysis of ZnO thin films immersed into an aqueous system containing organic contaminants results in the degradation of the contaminants. A comprehensive study has been done involving several organic contaminants in water (like aliphatic and aromatic chloro compounds as well as some commonly used aromatic solvents) to check the suitability of ZnO-nano as an efficient photocatalyst. The ZnO nanoparticles not only serve as a better catalytic system compared to bulk ZnO and commercially available Degussa TiO2 in achieving degradation of the added contaminants, but unlike other semiconductor systems can also act as a non-specific sensor for the presence of these common contaminants in water. A total cleanup of a cocktail of contaminants in water was also achieved using the ZnO-nano. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Nanoparticles, organic contaminants and photocatalysis, Semiconductor, ZnO}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2006.02.020}, author = {Hariharan, C.} } @article { ISI:000238086600005, title = {Radiation assisted synthesis of nanosized barium zirconate}, journal = {Radiation Physics and Chemistry}, volume = {75}, number = {7}, year = {2006}, month = {JUL}, pages = {755-759}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

This paper reports the synthesis of refractory barium zirconate using solid-state reactive precursors subjected to gamma-radiations of a Co-60 source. Influence of varying doses on the formation of cubic phase of BaZrO3 has been investigated with the stepwise analysis of the intermediate products by means of FT-IR, XRD and TGA techniques. TEM depicts the nanospherical nature of the BaZrO3 particles. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Ceramics, gamma-radiation, Nanoparticles, perovskite, refractory, XRD}, issn = {0969-806X}, doi = {10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.041}, author = {Athawale, Anjali A. and Chandwadkar, Asha J. and Karandikar, Prashant R. and Pasricha, R. and Bapat, Malini S.} } @article { ISI:000241949000010, title = {Role of ligands in the formation, phase stabilization, structural and magnetic properties of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Nanoparticle Research}, volume = {8}, number = {5}, year = {2006}, month = {OCT}, pages = {635-643}, publisher = {SPRINGER}, type = {Article}, address = {VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The electrochemical synthesis of alpha Fe2O3 nanoparticles was performed using quaternary ammonium salts viz. TPAB, TBAB and TOAB in an organic medium by optimizing current density and molar concentration of the ligand. The role of ligands in the formation of alpha phase, structure and magnetic properties was investigated in details. The effect of increasing chain length on the particle size confirmed that as the chain length increases from propyl to octyl, the particle size decreases. X-ray diffraction spectra of as prepared samples and TEM analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of iron oxide. TEM showed beads of iron oxide joined together with a size distribution in the range of 6-30 nm. The Mossbauer studies also support this observation that for the lowest particle size, the line width is broader which successively reduces with increase in particle size. Iron oxide capped with TOAB indicated superparamagnetic nature at room temperature. The resultant internal magnetic field of 506 mm/s due to hyperfine splitting clearly established the formation of alpha-Fe2O3 The infrared spectroscopy and pH measurements revealed the binding of tetra alkyl ligand with iron oxide. The IR spectra and the increase in basicity of as prepared samples confirmed the formation of hydrated iron oxide. Above 800 degrees C the spectra indicated only iron oxide. Surface area obtained by BET method was 205 m(2)/g.

}, keywords = {Alkyl chain length, alpha-Fe2O3, Electrochemistry, magnetic properties, Nanoparticles, narrow size distribution}, issn = {1388-0764}, doi = {10.1007/s11051-005-9033-x}, author = {Joshi, Satyawati S. and Patil, Prajakta R. and Nimase, Madhav S. and Bakare, P. P.} } @article { ISI:000236477800029, title = {Size-dependent magnetic properties of nanocrystalline yttrium iron garnet powders}, journal = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, volume = {301}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {JUN}, pages = {212-219}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) powders with particle sizes of 9, 14, 25 and 60 nm have been synthesised and their magnetic properties have been studied as a function of particle size and temperature. The particles with sizes of 9 and 14 nm exhibited superparamagnetism. The blocking temperature (T-B) decreased with decreasing particle size, whereas the anisotropy constant (K) increased. The saturation magnetisation (M-s) decreased with decreasing particle size. These variations are attributed to large surface-to-volume ratios in nanoparticles where the surface moments are predominant. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

}, keywords = {anisotropy constant, Magnetism, Nanoparticles, Superparamagnetism, YIG}, issn = {0304-8853}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.06.027}, author = {Rajendran, M. and Deka, Sasanka and Joy, Pattayil Alias and Bhattacharya, Asish K.} } @article { ISI:000242469000012, title = {Unusual formation of nano-particles of CdO and Cd(OH)(2) from the reaction of dimethyl cadmium with DMF}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {60}, number = {29-30}, year = {2006}, month = {DEC}, pages = {3492-3498}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

This paper presents generation of CdO and Cd(OH)(2) nano-particles from Dimethyl Cadmium in DMF. The CdO nano-particles were obtained instead of CdSe, even when the reaction was done in presence of 1,2,3-selenadiazole (the source of selenium) with Me2Cd in DMF (product-I). The direct reaction of Me2Cd in DMF also leads to formation of CdO (product-II). However, Cd(OH)(2) nano-particles were obtained when Me2Cd was refluxed in DMF for a few hours followed by reaction of H2S gas (product-III). The formation of Cd(OH)(2) was also established via decomposition Of Me2Cd:Et2O adduct (product-IV). Nano-particles of CdO and Cd(OH)(2) (product-I to product-IV) were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), TEM and SEM/EDS measurements, FTIR, thermal analysis (TGA) and XPS analysis. The particle size of all the products as calculated by XRD patterns were in the range of about 20 nm. TEM images showed that the products are agglomerated clusters with the particles in the nano-meter regime. The synthesis however, is understood to be unusual as the reactions with selenium source and sulfur source should have generated the CdSe and CdS however, the end products were always found to be the product-I to product-IV (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Chemical synthesis, Nanoparticles, Semiconductor, XRD}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2006.03.054}, author = {Singh, Narendra and Charan, Shobhit and Patil, K. R. and Viswanath, A. K. and Khanna, P. K.} } @article { ISI:000252406100012, title = {CdS quantum dots: enzyme mediated in vitro synthesis, characterization and conjugation with plant lectins}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, month = {DEC}, pages = {406-413}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, type = {Article}, address = {25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA}, abstract = {

This paper presents the in vitro synthesis of CdS quantum dot nanoparticles using sulphite reductase and capping peptide in the presence of a co-factor alpha-NADPH, their characterization and conjugation with plant lectins, Jacalin and Chick pea lectin. Incubation of sulphite reductase with aqueous CdCl2, Na2SO3, and capping peptide in the presence of a-NADPH, which acts as a co-factor, resulted in the formation of CdS nanoparticles of dimensions 5-20 nm. These CdS nanoparticles were conjugated with plant lectins by EDAC mediated coupling. These observations are of significance, as it will help in the development of eco-friendly process for the formation of CdS nanoparticles and their application as fluorescent biolabels. Moreover the above studies will also help in designing a rational enzymatic strategy for the synthesis of nanomaterials of different chemical composition, shapes and sizes as well as their separation.

}, keywords = {bio-label, CdS quantum dots, conjugation, Enzyme, in vitro synthesis, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1550-7033}, doi = {10.1166/jbn.2007.045}, author = {Ansary, Abu Ayoobul and Kumar, S. Anil and Krishnasastry, M. V. and Abyaneh, Majid Kazemian and Kulkarni, Sulabha K. and Ahmad, Absar and Khan, Mohammad Islam} } @article {2}, title = {Investigating organization of molecules that facilitates intermolecular acyl transfer in crystals: reactivity and x-ray structures of O-benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoesters}, journal = {European Journal of Organic Chemsitry}, volume = {293}, number = {7}, year = {2007}, month = {FEB}, pages = {1153-1159}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

{Crystal structure analysis of racemic 2,6-di-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthobenzoate reveals helical organization of the molecules, remarkably similar to that observed earlier in crystals of racemic 2,6-di-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate. Both these dibenzoates are isostructural despite the bulkier phenyl substituent in place of hydrogen. The latter compound shows highly facile intermolecular benzoyl transfer reactivity in its crystals and as anticipated from the crystal structure, the orthobenzoate indeed exhibits facile benzoyl transfer reactivity in its crystals. 2-O-Benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate and the corresponding orthobenzoate also undergo transesterification in their crystals, but the specificity of acyl transfer is very low, and the reaction yields a mixture of products. The parameters of helical molecular assembly that facilitates acyl transfer in crystals have been investigated. A comparison of the molecular assemblies and lattice interactions in crystals of all the four compounds with the observed reactivity patterns show that facile acyl transfer reaction is brought about by a modular {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}reaction tunnel{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}

}, keywords = {AOT, CdS-Ag2S, core-shell, Nanoparticles, w/o microemulsion, XPS}, issn = {0927-7757}, author = {Murali, Chebrolu and Shashidhar, Mysore S. and Gonnade, Rajesh G. and Bhadbhade, Mohan M.} } @article { ISI:000252511300009, title = {Low temperature synthesis of magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, volume = {7}, number = {12}, year = {2007}, month = {DEC}, pages = {4294-4302}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, type = {Article}, address = {26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA}, abstract = {

We report on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles below 100 degrees C by a simple chemical protocol. The uniqueness of the method lies in the use of Ferrous ammoniurn sulphate (in conjugation with FeCl3) which helps maintain the stability of Fe-2+ state in the reaction sequence thereby controlling the phase formation. Hexamine was added as the stabilizer. The nanoparticles synthesized at three different temperatures viz, 5 degrees, 27 degrees, and 95 degrees C are characterized by several techniques. Generally, when a mixture of Fe3+ and Fe2+ is added to sodium hydroxide, alpha-Fe2O3 (the anti-ferromagnetic phase) is formed after the dehydration process of the hydroxide. In our case however, the phases formed at all the three temperatures were found to be ferro (ferri) magnetic, implying modification of the formation chemistry due to the specifics of our method. The nanoparticles synthesized at the lowest temperature exhibit magnetite phase, while increase in growth temperature to 95 degrees C leads to the maghemite phase.

}, keywords = {low temperature synthesis, maghemite, magnetite, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1533-4880}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2007.873}, author = {Bhagwat, Shrikant and Singh, Hema and Athawale, Anjali and Hannoyer, Beatrice and Jouen, Samuel and Lefez, Benoit and Kundaliya, Darshan and Pasricha, Renu and Kulkarni, Shailaja and Ogale, Satishchandra B.} } @article {64}, title = {Polyethylene waxes: catalytic synthesis by ti-biphenolates}, journal = {Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry}, volume = {44}, number = {7-9}, year = {2007}, month = {JUL}, pages = {977-987}, publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE}, type = {Article}, address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA}, abstract = {

{Soluble complexes of Ti (IV) bearing biphenol groups such as 1,1{\textquoteright}-binaphthelene 2, 2{\textquoteright} diol (Binol), 1, 1{\textquoteright}-methylene di-2-naphthol, biphenol were prepared and characterized. These catalyst precursors formulated as [

}, keywords = {fibers, Nanoparticles, Self-assembly}, issn = {0021-9797}, author = {Umare, Prashant S. and Rao, Karumanchi and Tembe, Gopal L. and Dhoble, Deepa Arun and Trivedi, Bhavna} } @article { ISI:000244909500021, title = {Spider silk as an active scaffold in the assembly of gold nanoparticles and application of the gold-silk bioconjugate in vapor sensing}, journal = {Small}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, month = {MAR}, pages = {466-473}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Spider silk is being viewed with interest by materials scientists due to its excellent resilience and mechanical properties. In this paper we show that spider silk is an excellent scaffold for the one-step synthesis and assembly of gold nanoparticles. Formation of a gold nanoparticle-spider-silk bioconjugate material is accomplished by simple reaction of the fibers with aqueous chloroauric acid. The gold nanoparticles thus formed are strongly bound to the spider-silk fiber surface enabling study of the electrical properties of the nano bioconjugate. Using the well-known contraction/expansion behavior of the fibers in solvents of varying polarity, we show that exposure of the gold nanoparticle-spider silk bioconjugate to vapors of methanol and chloroform leads to changes in electrical transport through the nanoparticles and thus, the possibility of developing a vapor sensor. The bioconjugate shows excellent response time and cycling efficiency to methanol vapors. The activation energy of electron transport from one gold nanoparticle to another in the nanobiocojugate was determined from temperature-dependent electron-transport measurements to be approximately 1.7 eV.

}, keywords = {bioconjugates, Gold, Nanoparticles, sensors, spider silk}, issn = {1613-6810}, doi = {10.1002/smll.200600413}, author = {Singh, Amit and Hede, Shantesh and Sastry, Murali} } @article {Hung, title = {Synthesis of Bio-diesel and Bio-lubricant by transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols over heteropolyacids supported by clay (K-10)}, journal = {Process Safety and Environmental Protection}, volume = {85}, number = {B5}, year = {2007}, note = {Theoretical Chemistry Symposium 2006 (TCS 2006), Bharathidasan Univ, Trichy, INDIA, DEC 11-13, 2006}, month = {SEP}, pages = {372-377}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

{The use of different lower and higher alcohols viz; methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-octanol, for the synthesis of methyl, ethyl, propyl and octyl fatty acid esters by transesterification of vegetable oil (triglycerides) with respective alcohols also known as {\textquoteleft}Bio-diesel{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Biolubricants{\textquoteright} was studied in detail. The reactions were carried out in a batch process. The activity with different supports like clay (K-10), activated carbon, ZSM-5, H-beta and TS-1 were compared. The superacids (heteropolyacids, HPA) viz; Dodeca-Tungstophosphoric acid [

}, keywords = {coprecipitation, lithium aluminate, Microemulsion, Nanoparticles, sol-gel, Surfactants}, issn = {0167-577X}, author = {Bokade, Vijay V. and Yadav, G. D.} } @article { ISI:000257271600057, title = {Bacterial synthesis of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, month = {JUN}, pages = {3191-3196}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, type = {Article}, address = {26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA}, abstract = {

A bacterial mediated synthesis of copper/copper oxide nanoparticle composite is reported. A Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Serratia was isolated from the midgut of Stibara sp., an insect of the Cerambycidae family of beetles found in the Northwestern Ghats of India. This is a unique bacterium that is quite specific for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles as several other strains isolated from the same insect and common Indian mosquitoes did not result in nanoparticle formation. By following the reaction systematically, we could delineate that the nanoparticle formation occurs intracellularly. However, the process results in the killing of bacterial cells. Subsequently the nanoparticles leak out as the cell wall disintegrates. The nanoparticles formed are thoroughly characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, XRD, XPS and FTIR studies.

}, keywords = {bacterial synthesis, Nanoparticles, TEM, XPS, XRD}, issn = {1533-4880}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2008.095}, author = {Hasan, Syed Saif and Singh, Sanjay and Parikh, Rasesh Y. and Dharne, Mahesh S. and Patole, Milind S. and Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad and Shouche, Yogesh S.} } @article { ISI:000261896400061, title = {Enhanced conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO bifunctional nanoflowers loaded with gold nanoparticles}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {93}, number = {24}, year = {2008}, month = {DEC}, pages = {Article No. 243108}, publisher = {AMER INST PHYSICS}, type = {Article}, address = {CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}, abstract = {

The ZnO nanoflowers loaded with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by a hydrothermal route using mixed precursors and controlled conditions. The dye-sensitized solar cells based on the ZnO nanoflowers with Au NPs show power conversion efficiency of 2.5\%, which is considerably higher than that of ZnO nanoflowers without Au NPs. Detailed characterizations are performed, presented, and discussed.

}, keywords = {crystal growth from solution, Gold, II-VI semiconductors, Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, solar cells, wide band gap semiconductors, zinc compounds}, issn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.3049131}, author = {Dhas, Vivek V. and Muduli, Subas and Lee, Wonjoo and Han, Sung-Hwan and Ogale, Satishchandra B.} } @article { ISI:000256975600012, title = {Extracellular synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles and molecular evidence of silver resistance from morganella sp.: towards understanding biochemical synthesis mechanism}, journal = {ChemBioChem}, volume = {9}, number = {9}, year = {2008}, month = {JUN}, pages = {1415-1422}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

There has been significant progress in the biological synthesis of nanomaterials. However, the molecular mechanism of synthesis of such bio-nanomaterials remains largely unknown. Here, we report the extracellular synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Morganella sp., and show molecular evidence I of silver resistance by elucidating the synthesis mechanism. The AgNPs were 20 +/- 5 nm in diameter and were highly stable at 1 room temperature. The kinetics of AgNPs formation was investigated. Detectable particles were formed after on hour of reaction, and their production remained exponential up to 18 h, and saturated at 24 h. Morganella sp. was found to be highly resistant to silver cations and was able to grow in the presence of more than 0.5 mm AgNO3. Three gene homologues viz. silE, silP and silS were identified in silver-resistant Morganella sp. The homologue of silE from Morganella sp. showed 99\% nucleotide sequence similarity with the previously reported gene, silE, which encodes a periplasmic silver-binding protein. The homologues of silP and silS were also highly similar to previously reported sequences. Similar activity was totally absent in closely related Escherichia coli; this suggests that a unique mechanism of extracellular AgNPs synthesis is associated with silver-resistant Morganella sp. The molecular mechanism of silver resistance and its gene products might have a key role to play in the overall synthesis process of AgNPs by Morganella sp. An understanding of such biochemical mechanisms at the molecular level might help in developing an ecologically friendly and cost-effective protocol for microbial AgNPs synthesis.

}, keywords = {Biosynthesis, Morganella sp., Nanoparticles, sil gene homologues, Silver}, issn = {1439-4227}, doi = {10.1002/cbic.200700592}, author = {Parikh, Rasesh Y. and Singh, Sanjay and Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad and Patole, Milind S. and Sastry, Murali and Shouche, Yogesh S.} } @article { ISI:000253521600009, title = {Iron-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles for reductive degradation of azo dye orange G in aqueous solution}, journal = {Applied Catalysis B-Environmental}, volume = {79}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {MAR}, pages = {270-278}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The degradation of Orange G, a monoazo dye, in aqueous solutions was investigated using Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of as-synthesized nanoparticles showed the presence of spherical particles having a size of 20-40 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) did not detect the presence of nickel on the nanoparticle surface, which suggested a uniform distribution of both metals inside the particle core. Batch experiments with a minimum nanocatalyst loading of 3 g/L showed complete dye degradation after 10 min of reaction time. The degradation efficiency was linearly dependent on the initial dye concentration, pH of the solution and total Fe-Ni catalyst concentration. The efficiency increased with increasing Fe-Ni concentration and decreasing pH of the solution, but decreased with an increase in the dye concentration. The degradation rate followed first order reaction kinetics with respect to the dye concentration. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of the degradation products revealed that the degradation mechanism proceeds through a reductive cleavage of the azo linkage resulting in the formation of aniline and surface-adsorbed naphthol amine derivatives. The latter are subsequently hydroxylated through an oxidative process. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Azo Dye, Degradation, iron, Nanoparticles, Nickel}, issn = {0926-3373}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.10.033}, author = {Bokare, Alok D. and Chikate, Rajeev C. and Rode, Chandrashekhar V. and Paknikar, Kishore M.} } @article { ISI:000261061100016, title = {Magnetic and Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by a combustion method}, journal = {Hyperfine Interactions}, volume = {183}, number = {1-3}, year = {2008}, month = {APR}, pages = {99-107}, publisher = {SPRINGER}, address = {VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The properties of nanocrystalline Ni(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(2)O(4) synthesized by an auto-combustion method have been investigated by magnetic measurements and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The as-synthesized single phase nanosized ferrite powder is annealed at different temperatures in the range 673-1,273 K to obtain nanoparticles of different sizes. The powders are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, transmission electron microscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The as-synthesized powder with average particle size of similar to 9 nm is superparamagnetic. Magnetic transition temperature increases up to 665 K for the nanosized powder as compared to the transition temperature of 548 K for the bulk ferrite. This has been confirmed as due to the abnormal cation distribution, as evidenced from room temperature Mossbauer spectroscopic studies.

}, keywords = {Ferrite, magnetic properties, Mossbauer spectroscopy, Nanoparticles}, issn = {0304-3843}, doi = {10.1007/s10751-008-9736-3}, author = {Sreeja, V. and Vijayanand, S. and Deka, Sasanka and Joy, Pattayil Alias} } @article { ISI:000260776800015, title = {Structure and microbial synthesis of sub-10 nm Bi2O3 nanocrystals}, journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, volume = {8}, number = {8}, year = {2008}, month = {AUG}, pages = {3909-3913}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, address = {25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA}, abstract = {

After the advent of novel chemical and microbial techniques, providing control over grain size and shape of the nanomaterials, several binary-oxide materials have been explored in size less than 10 nm for their tunable physical properties. Bi2O3 nanoparticles have also redrawn attention due to their excellent properties, mostly as optoelectronic material. Here, we report the room-temperature biosynthesis of Bi2O3 nanoparticles in a size range of 5-8 nm by extra-cellularly challenging the plant pathogenic fungus-Fusarium oxysporum with the bismuth nitrate as precursor. The as-synthesized particle-surfaces are inherently functionalized by a robust layer of proteins which provides them very good stability in the aqueous medium. Structural investigation using selected area electron diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and powder XRD shows that particles are almost perfectly single crystalline and primarily crystallize in alpha-phase with monoclinic structure.

}, keywords = {Biosynthesis, fungi, High Refractive Index, High Resolution TEM, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1533-4880}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2008.179}, author = {Uddin, Imran and Adyanthaya, Suguna D. and Syed, Asad and Selvaraj, K. and Ahmad, Absar and Poddar, Pankaj} } @article { ISI:000258026000010, title = {Synthesis and characterizations of NiTiO(3) nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel process}, journal = {Philosophical Magazine Letters}, volume = {88}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, month = {MAR}, pages = {467-472}, publisher = {TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Nanocrystalline nickel titanate (NiTiO(3)) composite powders were prepared by the sol-gel process combined with a surfactant-assisted template method. The resulting powders were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 150 degrees C to 750 degrees C for 2 h in air. The results revealed that a pure hexagonal phase of NiTiO(3) could be obtained at the low temperature of 750 degrees C. The phase evolution of NiTiO(3) was investigated by X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron microscopy.

}, keywords = {Nanoparticles, nickel titanate, sol-gel process}, issn = {0950-0839}, doi = {10.1080/09500830802199709}, author = {Gambhire, A. B. and Lande, Machhindra K. and Kalokhe, S. B. and Mandale, A. B. and Patil, K. R. and Gholap, Ramkrishna S. and Arbad, B. R.} } @article { ISI:000265186800069, title = {Assembly of gold nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes by using click chemistry}, journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, volume = {9}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, month = {MAY}, pages = {3261-3263}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, address = {25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA}, abstract = {

Azide moiety-functionalized gold nanoparticles were conjugated with acetylene functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes by employing copper-catalyzed Huisgen{\textquoteright}s [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition {\textquoteleft}click chemistry{\textquoteright} reaction. Evidences of conjunction were observed by TEM, EDX and Raman images.

}, keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, Click chemistry, Functionalization, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1533-4880}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2009.035}, author = {Rana, Sravendra and Kumar, Indresh and Yoo, Hye Jin and Cho, Jae Whan} } @article { ISI:000271238900017, title = {Concurrent In-situ formation of Ag/Ag2S nanoparticles in polymer matrix by facile polymer-inorganic solid state reaction}, journal = {Journal of Nano Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2009}, month = {JAN}, pages = {143-152}, publisher = {TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD}, address = {LAUBISRUTISTR 24, STAFA-ZUERICH, CH-8712, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {

We herein report the feasibility of polymer-inorganic solid-state reaction route for simultaneous in situ generation of Ag \& Ag2S nanostructures in polymer network wherein an engineering thermoplastic, polyphenylene sulphide (PPS), itself acts as a chalcogen source as well as a stabilizing matrix for the resultant nanoproducts. Typical solid-state reaction was accomplished by simply heating the physical admixture of the two reactants i.e. AgNO3 and PPS by varying molar ratios mainly 1:1, 1:5, 1:15, 1:20, at the crystalline melting temperature (285 degrees C) of PPS. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various physico-chemical techniques like X-ray Diffractometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with EDAX, Transmission Electron Microscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The prima facie observations suggest the effective formation and subsequent entrapment of mainly nanocrystalline metallic silver (fcc) in PPS matrix for all the molar ratios chosen for the reaction. Additionally, simultaneous occurrence of nanocrystalline Ag2S (monoclinic phase) is also noticed in case of heated admixture of AgNO3: PPS with equimolar ratio. The TEM analysis reveals nanoscale polydispersity (5nm to 70nm) and prevalence of mainly spherical morphological features in all the cases with occasional indications of triangular and hexagonal morphological features depending upon the reaction molar ratio.

}, keywords = {Ag, Ag2S, Nanoparticles, Polymer inorganic solid -state reaction, Thermoplastic polymer matrix}, issn = {1662-5250}, doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.5.143}, author = {Waghmare, Sujata and Shinde, Manish and Gholap, Ramkrishna S. and Rao, N. Koteswara and Hawaldar, Ranjit R. and Mulik, Uttam P. and Amalnerkar, Dinesh P.} } @article { ISI:000271843400019, title = {Ferromagnetic properties of glucose coated Cu2O nanoparticles}, journal = {Solid State Communications}, volume = {149}, number = {47-48}, year = {2009}, month = {DEC}, pages = {2199-2201}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Magnetic properties of glucose coated cuprous oxide nanoparticles of different sizes have been studied. Unlike bulk Cu2O, which shows diamagnetic behavior, the nanoparticles show superparamagnetic behavior. A superparamagnetic blocking temperature of 21 K is observed for 5 nm particles. A magnetic hysteresis loop with a coercivity of 406 Oe is observed for these particles at 5 K. The magnetization and the coercivity increase with decreasing particle size. The superparamagnetic behavior, along with the increase in magnetization and coercivity with decreasing particle size, is due to the enhanced surface contributions to the magnetism. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Chemical synthesis, Cuprous oxide, magnetic properties, Nanoparticles}, issn = {0038-1098}, doi = {10.1016/j.ssc.2009.09.013}, author = {Mahajan, Mangesh B. and Pavan, M. S. and Joy, Pattayil Alias} } @article { ISI:000266529600001, title = {Nanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization-trends and future perspectives}, journal = {Progress in Polymer Science}, volume = {34}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, month = {JUN}, pages = {479-515}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is extending the applications of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and technology into previously unapproached infinitesimal length scales. The polymer-nanoparticles/nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades and have been mainly focusing on the structure-property relationships and their development. Since the polymer-nanocomposites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. Thus, this article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. Among various nanoparticulates, clay minerals and carbon nanotubes are more often used in enhancing physical, mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In very few systems, the nano particulates have been incorporated into polymer as {\textquoteleft}nano-additives{\textquoteright} for both purposes: degradation and stabilization of polymers. The degradation and durability of polymers is reviewed in the presence of nanoparticles/nanocomposites under different environmental conditions. Nanoparticle-induced biodegradation of polymers is also discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Carbon nanotubes, clay, Degradation and stabilization, Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Polymer}, issn = {0079-6700}, doi = {10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.01.002}, author = {Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Depan, Dilip and Tomer, Namrata Singh and Singh, Raj Pal} } @article { ISI:000266520400034, title = {Polymer-embedded stannic oxide nanoparticles as humidity sensors}, journal = {Materials Science \& Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems}, volume = {29}, number = {3}, year = {2009}, month = {APR}, pages = {847-850}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Stannic oxide (SnO(2)) nanoparticles have been suspended in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix in different PVA: SnO(2) molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:5 using simple chemical route. This suspension was deposited on ceramic substrate and upon drying was carefully detached from the substrate. SnO(2)-embedded self-standing, transparent and flexible thin films were hence synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Xray diffraction (XRD) techniques show the rutile tetragonal structure of SnO(2) with particle size similar to 5 nm. UV-Visible spectroscopy demonstrates the band gap of 3.9 eV, which does not alter when embedded in polymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals that the properties of SnO(2) do not modify due to incorporation in the PVA matrix. The structures work as excellent humidity sensors at room temperature. For a critical PVA:SnO(2) molar ratio of 1:3, the resistance changes to five times of magnitude in 92\% humidity within fraction of second when compared with resistance at 11\% humidity. The sample regains its original resistance almost instantaneously after being removed from humid chamber. Nanodimensions of SnO(2) particles and percolation mechanism related to transport through polymer matrix and water molecule as a carrier has been used to understand the mechanism. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {humidity sensor, Nanoparticles, Polymer, Stannic oxide}, issn = {0928-4931}, doi = {10.1016/j.msec.2008.07.039}, author = {Hatamie, Shadie and Dhas, Vivek V. and Kale, B. B. and Mulla, Imtiaz S. and Kale, Sangeeta N.} } @article { ISI:000266390000011, title = {Silver fused conducting fiber formation of Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles mediated by ascorbic acid}, journal = {Plasmonics}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, month = {JUN}, pages = {161-170}, publisher = {SPRINGER}, address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}, abstract = {

In this paper, we report the spontaneous formation of fibrous structures consisting of assemblies of Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) from a solution consisting of Au-Ag core-shell NPs and l-ascorbic acid (AA). AA acted both as the reducing agent for the generation of NPs and also as the mediator for the formation of fibers. The process of fiber formation involved three steps-reduction of HAuCl(4) to Au NPs by AA, subsequent formation of Au-Ag core-shell NPs after addition of AgNO(3), and spontaneous formation of fibers from the mixtures in water. It took typically about 30 days to form complete fibers that are of lengths of several hundred micrometers to millimeters, although nanofibers started forming from the first day of solution preparation. The width of each of these fibers was typically about 1-4 A mu m with length of each segment of fiber bundle, on the order of 40 A mu m. Formation of fibers was also observed in absence of AgNO(3). These fibers consisted of Au NPs and polymer of AA degradation products and were not electrically conducting. Also, low concentrations of AgNO(3) produced fibers with low electrical conductivity. However, it was observed that increase in the amount of AgNO(3) leads to the formation of fibers that were electrically conducting with conductivity values in the range of metallic conductivity. Spectroscopic and electron microscopic investigations were carried out to establish the formation of fibers. The details of fiber formation mechanism under different conditions and electrical conductivities of the fibers are discussed in the article.

}, keywords = {Ascorbic acid, core-shell, Fiber, Gold, Nanoparticles, Silver}, issn = {1557-1955}, doi = {10.1007/s11468-009-9091-5}, author = {Murugadoss, A. and Kar, Manoranjan and Pasricha, Renu and Chattopadhyay, Arun} } @article {42680, title = {Bacterial synthesis of phtocatalytically active and biocompatible TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles}, journal = {International Journal of Green Nanotechnology: Physics and Chemistry}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {DEC}, pages = {80-99}, abstract = {

TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles are well known for their photocatalytic and ultraviolet (UV)-absorbent properties and have successfully entered into the market as consumer products. Large volume production of these nanoparticles by industries require environmentally friendly processes of synthesis. In this article, we show that when challenged with an appropriate precursor, the bacterium Actinobacter spp. can lead to the extracellular synthesis of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles. The biological way of synthesizing these materials probably leads to the in situ doping of elements like C, F, and N into their crystal lattices, which is evidenced by a red shift in the absorption edge. Because the doping is expected to affect the photocatalytic activity of these materials under different light conditions, such investigations have also been undertaken here. Further, the biocompatibility of these nanomaterials (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity) has also been investigated in detail.

}, keywords = {Biosynthesis, genotoxicity, Nanoparticles, Nanotoxicity, Photocatalysis}, doi = {10.1080/19430876.2010.532459}, author = {Singh, Sanjay and Britto, Virginia D. and Bharde, Atul A. and Sastry, Murali and Dhawan, Alok and Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad} } @article { ISI:000273689600061, title = {Magnetic and dielectric properties and Raman spectroscopy of GdCrO3 nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Applied Physics}, volume = {107}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, month = {JAN}, pages = {013912}, publisher = {AMER INST PHYSICS}, address = {CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}, abstract = {

The rare earth orthochromites are extremely interesting due to the richness of their optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties as well as due to their multiferroic properties which make them suitable materials to study in the nanoregime. However, the wet-chemical synthesis of these materials in nanosize is nontrivial. Here, we report for the first time, the detailed Raman spectra as well as magnetic and dielectric properties of chemically synthesized GdCrO3 nanoparticles of size ranging from 40 to 60 nm. The magnetic properties are dictated by competing Cr3+-Cr3+, Gd3+-Cr3+, and Gd3+-Gd3+ superexchange interactions in different temperature regions, resulting into an antiferromagnetic ordering at 167 K due to the Cr3+-Cr3+ followed by weak ferromagnetic ordering due to the onset of Cr3+-Gd3+ interactions. At lower temperature, it shows weak antiferromagnetic ordering due to Gd3+-Gd3+ interaction. Below 95 K, GdCrO3 nanoparticles showed the presence of negative magnetization due to Gd3+ and Cr3+ interactions resulting into weak ferromagnetic coupling. The Raman spectroscopy shows the characteristic Raman shifts indicating that below 450 cm(-1), Gd3+ ions play a dominant role in determining the phonon frequencies of GdCrO3, and above 450 cm(-1), the Cr+3 ions dominate. We also present for the first time the low temperature dielectric constant and loss tangent data for GdCrO3 in a broad temperature and frequency range. The dielectric constant shows a decrease in comparison to the bulk values due to the size dependent effects. It also shows a peak centered at around 320 K above which it shows a sharp decrease. The dielectric loss value in GdCrO3 nanoparticles is quite small and shows an interesting frequency dependent anomaly at lower temperature which might be due to the coupling between magnetic and dielectric order parameters.

}, keywords = {dielectric losses, gadolinium compounds, Magnetisation, Multiferroics, nanofabrication, Nanoparticles, permittivity, phonons, Raman spectra, superexchange interactions}, issn = {0021-8979}, doi = {10.1063/1.3275926}, author = {Jaiswal, Adhish and Das, Raja and Vivekanand, K. and Maity, Tuhin and Abraham, Priya Mary and Adyanthaya, Suguna D. and Poddar, Pankaj} } @article { ISI:000288092200005, title = {Preparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)}, journal = {Macromolecular Research}, volume = {18}, number = {12}, year = {2010}, month = {DEC}, pages = {1160-1167}, publisher = {SPRINGER}, address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}, abstract = {

We report the synthesis of biomimetic nanocomposites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via a co-precipitation method. Physico-chemical characterization was performed before and after calcination by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of nanocomposites was observed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spectral and crystallographic data indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of CMC. They were observed as aggregates of HA nanoparticles and CMC, whose sizes were approximately similar to 260 +/- 40 nm. The crystallite size of the hydroxyapatite particles decreased (with 2 wt\% 18 +/- 3 nm) with increasing CMC content. The morphological aspects of the calcined samples revealed the sintering ability of HA nanoparticles. Nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles that mimic the process of nucleation and growth in nature can be prepared using biomacromolecules such as CMC.

}, keywords = {biopolymer, cellulose, hydroxyapatite, Nanoparticles, Particle size, X-ray diffraction}, issn = {1598-5032}, doi = {10.1007/s13233-010-1208-3}, author = {Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Mohaideen, Kamal Khaja and Alariqi, Sameh A. S. and Singh, Raj Pal} } @article { ISI:000274490400085, title = {Reductive dechlorination of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane using Fe-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials}, volume = {175}, number = {1-3}, year = {2010}, month = {MAR}, pages = {680-687}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Nanoscale Fe-Pd bimetallic particles were synthesized and used for degradation of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) in aqueous solution. Batch studies showed that 5 mg/Lof lindane was completely dechlorinated within 5 min at a catalyst loading of 0.5 g/L and the degradation process followed first-order kinetics. GC-MS analysis in corroboration with GC-ECD results showed the presence of cyclohexane as the final degradation product. The proposed mechanism for the reductive dechlorination of lindane involves Fe corrosion-induced hydrogen atom transfer from the Pd Surface. The enhanced degradation efficiency of Fe-Pd nanoparticles is attributed to: (1) high specific surface area of the nanoscale metal particles (60 m(2)/g), manyfold greater that of commercial grade micro- or milli-scale iron particles (similar to 1.6 m(2)/g); and, (2) increased catalytic reactivity due to the presence of I{\textquoteright}d on the Surface. Recycling and column studies showed that these nanoparticles exhibit efficient and sustained catalytic activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Bimetallic, Cyclohexane, Degradation, kinetics, Lindane, Nanoparticles}, issn = {0304-3894}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.063}, author = {Nagpal, Varima and Bokare, Alok D. and Chikate, Rajeev C. and Rode, Chandrashekhar V. and Paknikar, Kishore M.} } @article { ISI:000273709900033, title = {Vice to virtue: intracellular biogenic nanoparticles for the generation of carbon supported catalysts}, journal = {Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {FEB}, pages = {905-911}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, address = {25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA}, abstract = {

Intracellular biogenic nanoparticles are considered disadvantageous as the separation of the nanoparticles from the biomass becomes intricate. However realizing the importance of carbon supported catalyst for many important organic reactions we envisaged these nanoparticles as a source for carbon supported catalyst. Herein we demonstrate the heat treatment of intracellular biogenic nanoparticles under inert atmosphere as an efficient method for the preparation of carbon supported metal oxide catalysts. Aspergillus ochraceus, a fungus isolated from foundries, on incubation with K(2)TiF(6) led to the synthesis of intracellular titanium oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles embedded biomass upon heat treatment at 600 degrees C in a nitrogen environment gave titanium oxide nanoparticles implanted in a carbonaceous matrix. The material thus formed was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM and X-ray diffraction. Appreciable benzaldehyde selectivity was observed when styrene oxidation was carried out over such immobilized catalysts. The conversion rate was determined to be 76\% and the benzaldehyde selectivity was greater than 80\%.

}, keywords = {Benzaldehyde Selectivity, Biosynthesis, Carbon Supported Titania, Nanoparticles, Styrene Oxidation}, issn = {1533-4880}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2010.1894}, author = {Vijayakumar, P. S. and Selvakumar, S. and Gholap, Ramkrishna S. and Singh, A. P. and Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad} } @article { ISI:000300591700013, title = {Effect of inter-particle interactions on the magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles after coating with dextran}, journal = {International Journal of Nanotechnology}, volume = {8}, number = {10-12, SI}, year = {2011}, month = {JAN}, pages = {907-915}, publisher = {INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD}, address = {WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {

Nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) are synthesised by a coprecipitation method and coated with the biocompatible polymer, dextran. The uncoated and dextran coated magnetite nanoparticles are characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The magnetic properties of the uncoated and coated magnetite nanoparticles are compared to study the effect of inter-particle magnetic interactions on the magnetic characteristics. Absence of magnetic hysteresis at room temperature indicates the superparamagnetic nature of the two samples. Evidence for the effect of reduced inter-particle magnetic interactions is directly obtained from the field dependence of magnetisation at room temperature. The decreased superparamagnetic blocking temperature and the nature and shape of the field cooled magnetisation curve of the dextran coated sample further confirmed that the inter-particle magnetic interactions are completely suppressed after coating.

}, keywords = {dextran coating, magnetic interactions, magnetic properties, magnetite, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1475-7435}, author = {Sreeja, V. and Joy, Pattayil Alias} } @article { ISI:000290015600029, title = {Field emission studies of silver nanoparticles synthesized by electron cyclotron resonance plasma}, journal = {Applied Surface Science}, volume = {257}, number = {16}, year = {2011}, month = {JUN}, pages = {7184-7189}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Field emission has been studied for silver nanoparticles (25-200 nm), deposited within a cylindrical silver target in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma. Particle size distribution was controlled by optimum biasing voltages between the chamber and the target. Presence of non-oxidized silver was confirmed from the X-Ray diffraction analysis; however, thin protective layer of oxide was identified from the selective area electron diffraction pattern obtained with transmission electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles were seen to exhibit hilly pointed like structures when viewed under the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The emissive properties of these particles were investigated by field emission microscopy. It is found that this technique of deposition is ideal for formation of nanoparticles films on different substrate geometries with size controllability as well as its application to emission devices. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Cold plasma, field emission, Nanoparticles, thin film}, issn = {0169-4332}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.088}, author = {Purohit, Vishwas and Mazumder, Baishakhi and Bhise, Ashok B. and Poddar, Pankaj and Joag, Dilip S. and Bhoraskar, S. V.} } @article { ISI:000295068300093, title = {Novel route for rapid biosynthesis of lead nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas L. latex}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {65}, number = {19-20}, year = {2011}, month = {OCT}, pages = {3170-3172}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

We are reporting a novel, low-cost and eco-friendly route for rapid synthesis of lead nanoparticles by using 0.5\% aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas L latex. Lead nanoparticles were characterized initially by UV-vis spectroscopy and shown distinct peak at 218 nm. This peak was highly specific for lead nanoparticles. Formation of Pb (0) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD).Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for estimating the size and shape of nanoparticles. The average size of lead nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 10 to 12.5 nm. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) showed distinct peaks of lead. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to find the role of cyclic peptides namely curcacycline A (an octapeptide) and curcacycline B (a nonapeptide) as a possible reducing and capping agents present in the latex of Jatropha curcas L. Lead nanoparticles formed by the above method were monodisperse. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {FTIR, Latex, Lead nanoparticles, Nanoparticles}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2011.06.075}, author = {Joglekar, Shriram and Kodam, Kisan M. and Dhaygude, Mayur and Hudlikar, Manish} } @article { ISI:000289600300032, title = {One-step in situ synthesis of NHx-adsorbed rhodium nanocrystals at liquid-liquid interfaces for possible electrocatalytic applications}, journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science}, volume = {358}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {JUN}, pages = {238-244}, publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE}, address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA}, abstract = {

Nearly monodisperse rhodium nanoparticles with adsorbed NHx were synthesized at the CCl4-water interface. The presence of NHx-adsorbed species was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The synthesis of controlled size 2-38 nm rhodium particles was studied as a function of reducing agent concentration by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HRTEM confirmed the formation of rhodium nanoparticles having fringe spacing consistent with reported Rh (1 1 1) planes. The continuity of these films over an area of 1 x 1 pm was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The electrocatalytic application of these nanostructure Rh-NHx), thin films for formaldehyde oxidation in 0.5 M NaOH was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The Rh nanoparticles formed by the present strategy are expected to be useful for other catalytic applications also. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Hydrazine hydrate, Liquid-liquid interface, Nanoparticles, Rhodium, Thin films}, issn = {0021-9797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcis.2011.02.065}, author = {Patil, V. S. and Krishna, S. R. and Hawaldar, Ranjit R. and Gaikwad, A. B. and Sathaye, S. D. and Patil, K. R.} } @article { ISI:000293519600027, title = {Synthesis and characterization of bile acid-based poly beta amino esters for paclitaxel delivery}, journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, volume = {122}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {OCT}, pages = {220-232}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}, abstract = {

New biodegradable poly beta amino esters were synthesized by the polymerization of Deoxycholic acid (DOCA) in all the structural planes by 1, 4 addition of Trimethylene dipiperidine (TMDP) to diacrylates of Deoxycholyl glycol, Methyl deoxycholate and Trimethylolpropane deoxycholate esters. H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR and IR studies confirmed presence of amine and Deoxycholyl units in polymers. XRD and TGA studies indicated that all the polymers were amorphous and thermostable up to 300 degrees C. DSC studies revealed glass transition temperature (T-g) in the range 70-80 degrees C. All the polymers degraded very slowly in the buffers of pH 1.1, 7.4 and 10 because of the hydrophobic nature of Deoxycholate units. These polymers also exhibited pH sensitivity due to the incorporation of amines along with Deoxycholate units in the backbone. P-Nitroaniline (PNA) release followed anomalous release kinetics. Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded nanospheres prepared from these polymers were spherical and uniform in the size range 75-250 nm and 0.4-1 mu depending upon the method of preparation. PTX loading was in the range 60-90\%, while release (up to 20-60\%) was sustained over a period of 100 h. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 220-232, 2011

}, keywords = {bile acid, biodegradable, Nanoparticles, Paclitaxel, poly beta amino esters}, issn = {0021-8995}, doi = {10.1002/app.34144}, author = {Gangwal, Jitendra J. and Kulkarni, Mohan G.} } @article { ISI:000289003000012, title = {Synthesis and optical studies of GdCrO3 nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Nanoparticle Research}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {MAR}, pages = {1019-1027}, publisher = {SPRINGER}, address = {VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

{Here we report for the first time, a detailed synthesis mechanism of GdCrO3 nanoparticles using a surfactant-less hydrothermal method. We also report a detailed study of their structural and optical properties. The selected area electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction studies of GdCrO3 nanoparticles show pure phase and excellent crystallinity with average particle size around 50-60 nm. The structural analysis indicates a distorted perovskite crystal structure with lattice parameter values of a = 5.3099 +/- A 0.0022

}, keywords = {hydrothermal, Nanoparticles, Rare earth orthochromites}, issn = {1388-0764}, doi = {10.1007/s11051-010-0090-4}, author = {Jaiswal, Adhish and Das, Raja and Adyanthaya, Suguna D. and Poddar, Pankaj} } @article { ISI:000306045000005, title = {Extracellular biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles using the fungus fusarium oxysporum}, journal = {Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces}, volume = {97}, year = {2012}, month = {SEP}, pages = {27-31}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Nanoscience is a blooming field and promises a better future. In order to fabricate nanoparticles in an eco-friendly and inexpensive manner, significant efforts are being made to replace the chemical and physical methods currently being used with the biological methods. Chemical methods are toxic while the physical ones are very expensive. Biological methods, apart from being cost-effective, also provide protein capped nanoparticles which are thus very stable, have good dispersity and do not flocculate, and may find use in various applications. The present work emphasizes on platinum nanoparticles synthesis protocol which occurs at ambient conditions. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum when incubated with hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) in ambient conditions reduces the precursor and leads to the formation of stable extracellular platinum nanoparticles. The biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy and these nanoparticles were completely characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanoparticles are in the size range of 5-30 nm and are stabilized by proteins present in the solution. The reduction process is believed to occur enzymatically, thus creating the possibility of a rational, fungal-based method for the synthesis of nanoparticles over a wide range of chemical compositions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Biosynthesis, Fungus, Nanoparticles, platinum}, issn = {0927-7765}, doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.03.026}, author = {Syed, Asad and Ahmad, Absar} } @article { ISI:000312472000040, title = {Gold nanoparticle embedded hydrogel matrices as catalysts: better dispersibility of nanoparticles in the gel matrix upon addition of N-bromosuccinimide leading to increased catalytic efficiency}, journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects}, volume = {414}, year = {2012}, month = {NOV}, pages = {296-301}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

A simple and convenient method for generating and immobilizing gold NPs into polyethylene glycol-polyurethane (PEGPU) matrices is presented. The gold NP immobilized PEGPU (Au NP-PEGPU) hydrogel matrices are easy to handle and can be used as catalysts. The efficiency, reusability and durability of the Au NP-PEGPU catalyst matrices were investigated using the reduction of 4-nitroaniline (4NA) to p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA) by sodium borohydride in the presence of the catalyst as a test reaction. The Au NPs in the PEGPU matrix got aggregated after 3 cycles of catalysis but dispersion could be regenerated by the addition of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). After this regeneration process the Au NPs-PEGPU matrix showed excellent efficiency without any aggregation, leaching or degradation. The reusability of the catalyst for 28 cycles yielding a total turnover number of 3220 and turn over frequency of 0.152 s(-1) is demonstrated. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {catalysis, hydrogels, Immobilization, Nanoparticles, Turn over numbers}, issn = {0927-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.026}, author = {Ramtenki, Vilas and Anumon, V. D. and Badiger, Manohar V. and Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad} } @article { ISI:000300606400030, title = {Green approach towards size controlled synthesis of biocompatible antibacterial metal nanoparticles in aqueous phase using lysozyme}, journal = {Current Nanoscience}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, month = {FEB}, pages = {130-140}, publisher = {BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD}, address = {EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES}, abstract = {

Inspired by array of proteins present in nature, we choose lysozyme (hen egg protein) as a model system to synthesize nanoparticles of noble metals to understand the mechanism of interaction as well as to use them for potential applications such as potent antibacterial agents. Lysozyme is a very well studied biomolecule containing aromatic amino acids like tryptophan and tyrosine. Tyrosine has phenoxy group which is considered to be responsible for interacting with the metal ions. Lysozyme can be suitably modified by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide/N-acetylimidazole to obtain tight control over size distribution of nanoparticles. Here we report the direct synthesis of nanocrystals of gold and silver at controlled pH and light conditions without using any known reducing agents. Out of these, synthesis of gold nanoparticles is assisted by the presence of low concentration of Ag+ ions through the galvanic exchange. It is remarkable to note that the structure of protein is not changed drastically as seen by the FTIR studies. As-synthesized lysozyme capped nanoparticles prepared by this method are biocompatible and retain antibacterial property.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Biocompatible, Gold, lysozyme, Nanoparticles, Silver}, issn = {1573-4137}, author = {Kumar, Umesh and Ranjan, Amaresh K. and Sharan, Chandrashekhar and Hardikar, Anandwardhan A. and Pundle, Archana and Poddar, Pankaj} } @article { ISI:000305767200035, title = {Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles using alga tetraselmis kochinensis}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {79}, year = {2012}, month = {JUL}, pages = {116-118}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The development of eco-friendly synthesis protocol for the synthesis of nanoscale materials of different compositions, shapes and sizes is an important area of research in the field of nanotechnology. In this paper, we report on the use of alga Tetraselmis kochinensis in the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles of dimensions 5-35 nm. The particles are more concentrated upon the cell wall than on the cytoplasmic membrane, possibly due to reduction of the metal ions by enzymes present in the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. These intracellular nanoparticles may have applications in drug delivery, biomedical applications, catalysis, etc. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Algae, Biosynthesis, Nanoparticles, nanotechnology, Tetraselmis kochinensis}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2012.04.009}, author = {Senapati, Satyajyoti and Syed, Asad and Moeez, Sana and Kumar, Ashutosh and Ahmad, Absar} } @article { ISI:000323396800020, title = {Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus humicola sp and evaluation of their cytoxicity using normal and cancer cell lines}, journal = {Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy}, volume = {114}, year = {2013}, month = {OCT}, pages = {144-147}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Nanoscience is a new born science of the modern era and taps into the potential of particles at nanoscale. Bulk materials reduced to nanoscale dimensions thus obtain unique properties such as electronic, optical, magnetic and chemical. As far as synthesis of nanoparticles is concerned, biological synthesis has recently sparked a great interest as compared to other available chemical and physical methods on account of its eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Here we report, for the first time, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by the thermophilic fungus Humicola sp. The fungus when reacted with Ag+ ions reduces the precursor solution and leads to the formation of extracellular nanoparticles as monitored by ultra violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The morphology of nanoparticles is found to be spherical with good dispersity as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell viability assays were carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell line. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Cell viability, Fungus, Humicola sp., Nanoparticles, Silver}, issn = {1386-1425}, doi = {10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.030}, author = {Syed, Asad and Saraswati, Supriya and Kundu, Gopal C. and Ahmad, Absar} } @article { ISI:000317545600006, title = {Extracellular biosynthesis of CdTe quantum dots by the fungus fusarium oxysporum and their anti-bacterial activity}, journal = {Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy}, volume = {106}, year = {2013}, month = {APR}, pages = {41-47}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

The growing demand for semiconductor [quantum dots (Q-dots)] nanoparticles has fuelled significant research in developing strategies for their synthesis and characterization. They are extensively investigated by the chemical route; on the other hand, use of microbial sources for biosynthesis witnessed the highly stable, water dispersible nanoparticles formation. Here we report, for the first time, an efficient fungal-mediated synthesis of highly fluorescent CdTe quantum dots at ambient conditions by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum when reacted with a mixture of CdCl2 and TeCl4. Characterization of these biosynthesized nanoparticles was carried out by different techniques such as Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. CdTe nanoparticles shows antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The fungal based fabrication provides an economical, green chemistry approach for production of highly fluorescent CdTe quantum dots. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {antibacterial activity, Biosynthesis, CdTe, Fungus, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1386-1425}, doi = {10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.002}, author = {Syed, Asad and Ahmad, Absar} } @article { ISI:000320148900002, title = {Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by semecarpus anacardium L. leaf extract}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {102}, year = {2013}, month = {JUL}, pages = {5-7}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Semecmpus anacardium L leaf extract was studied. The reduction of silver (Ag+) ions was characterized by using UV-vis spectrophotometer showing formation of AgNPs within 15-20 mm. A time dependent reaction showed the increase in the nanoparticles (NPs) with time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the synthesized AgNPs varied from 10 to 25 nm and has spherical shape. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that phenols and protein were responsible for the formation of the AgNPs. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis confirms the formed NPs were of silver. The quantification of AgNPs was studied by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-AES). The important outcome of this work can be value addition to the medicinal plants in synthesis of NPs for biomedical applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {FTIR, Leaf extract, Nanoparticles, Semecarpus anacardium, synthesis, TEM}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2013.03.091}, author = {Raju, D. and Hazra, Sulekha and Mehta, Urmil J.} } @article { ISI:000338818800044, title = {Biological synthesis of cationic gold nanoparticles and binding of plasmid DNA}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {129}, year = {2014}, month = {AUG}, pages = {159-161}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Nanobiotechnology is the development of eco-friendly experimental processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The present work focuses on synthesis of cationic gold nanoparticles (C-GNPs) for biological applications, especially in gene and drug delivery studies. A biosynthesis methodology has been developed for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles to cationic nature. The synthesis of C-GNPs was done by using peanut leaf extract in the presence of cysteamine. The formed C-GNPs were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), the particles sizes and shapes were confirmed by a Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and crystallinity of C-GNPs was characterized by diffraction. The binding of plasmid DNA on the C-GNPs was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Biomaterials, Cationic, Nanoparticles, Plasmid DNA, synthesis, TEM}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2014.05.021}, author = {Raju, D. and Vishwakarma, Rishi K. and Khan, Bashir Mohammad and Mehta, Urmil J. and Ahmad, Absar} } @article { ISI:000327771500117, title = {Evaluation of n-type ternary metal oxide NiMn2O4 nanomaterial for humidity sensing}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical}, volume = {191}, year = {2014}, month = {FEB}, pages = {837-843}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}, type = {Article}, address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {

Synthesis of mono-dispersed oleic acid (OA) capped NiMn2O4 (NMO) nanoparticles and their use for humidity sensing is reported. Oleic acid capped NMO (NMO-cOA) nanoparticles are synthesized from nickel oleate and manganese oleate complex. NiMn2O4 is obtained by removing oleic acid capping at 500 degrees C in air. X-ray diffraction analysis shows formation of pure NiMn2O4 phase which is also confirmed by HRTEM-SAED analysis. The TEM analysis also shows that the nanoparticles are nearly mono-dispersed. Doctor bladed films of NMO nanoparticles are seen to exhibit excellent humidity sensing property. The resistivity is seen to change by two orders with humidity change from 11\% RH to 92\% RH with fairly good linearity over the entire range. The response and recovery times are also fast. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Humidity, Impedance, Nanoparticles, NiMn2O4, Oleic acid, Sensor}, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.071}, author = {Gawli, Yogesh and Badadhe, Satish S. and Basu, Aniruddha and Guin, Debanjan and Shelke, Manjusha V. and Ogale, Satishchandra} } @article { ISI:000340292800014, title = {Extracellular biosynthesis of metal sulfide nanoparticles using the fungus fusarium oxysporum}, journal = {Current Nanoscience}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {JUL}, pages = {588-595}, publisher = {BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD}, address = {EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES}, abstract = {

The development of reliable, eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of nanotechnology. One approach that shows immense potential is based on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms such as bacteria. In this report, we demonstrate the extracellular biosynthesis and complete characterization of metal sulfide (PbS, ZnS, MnS and NiS) nanoparticles using fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. We observed that the exposure of aqueous solution of 1 mM metal sulfate to fungus Fusarium oxysporum resulted in the formation of highly stable technologically important metal sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles. Fusarium oxysporum synthesizes lead sulfide and zinc sulfide nanoparticles of fractal type structure whereas manganese sulfide and nickel sulfide nanoparticles are of variable polydispersed morphology. The variable morphology may be due to the dissimilar interaction of metal sulfide nanoparticles with capping proteins secreted by the fungus in solution. The nanoparticles solution is found to be extremely stable with little evidence of aggregation even after a month of storage. The long term stability of the nanoparticles is due to the proteins secreted by fungus in the nanoparticle solution which bind to the surface of the nanoparticles and thus prevent aggregation.

}, keywords = {Biosynthesis, enzymes, fungi, metal sulfide, Nanoparticles}, issn = {1573-4137}, author = {Senapati, Satyajyoti and Syed, Asad and Khan, Shadab and Pasricha, Renu and Khan, Mohammad Islam and Kumar, Rajiv and Ahmad, Absar} } @article {45977, title = {Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using living peanut seedling}, journal = {Applied Nanoscience}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {OCT}, pages = {875-879}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Synthesis of nanoparticles by environment friendly method is an important aspect of nanotechnology. In the present study, extracellular reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles was carried out using living peanut plant. The electron microscopic analysis shows that the formed nanoparticles were of different shapes and sizes. The formed nanoparticles were polydispersed. The shapes of the nanoparticles were spherical, square, triangle, hexagonal and rod. Most of the particles were spherical and 56 nm in size. EDS analysis confirmed the formed nanoparticles were of silver. The crystalline nature of nanoparticles was confirmed by diffraction. This method opens up an exciting possibility of plant-based synthesis of other inorganic nanomaterials. This study confirms the synthesis of extracellular silver nanoparticles by living plant.

}, keywords = {Nanoparticles, Shapes, Silver, synthesis, TEM}, issn = {2190-5509}, doi = {10.1007/s13204-013-0269-y}, author = {Raju, D. and Paneliya, Nikita and Mehta, Urmil J.} } @article { ISI:000333787700019, title = {Functionalized celluloses and their nanoparticles: morphology, thermal properties, and solubility studies}, journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers}, volume = {104}, year = {2014}, month = {APR}, pages = {135-142}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Agricultural residues derived cellulose was used to synthesize a new series of carboxy functionalized cellulosic nanoparticles (quasi-spherical shaped, 13.2-21.5\% carboxyl content) and macro-sized 6-carboxycelluloses (long-fibril shaped, 1.7-22\% carboxyl content). The DP (50-70) and yield (upto 46\%) of nanoparticles were manipulated by controlling the reaction temperature and time. TGA/DTG thermographs of the carboxycelluloses gave thermostability data and co-related well with the residual crystalline, amorphous, and anhydroglucuronic acid content. The particle shape and size had no effect on the thermal stability. Some derivatives were fully or partially soluble in aqueous alkali and non-aqueous solvents, which can lead to increased versatility of these polymers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {6-Carboxycellulose, cellulose, DTG, Morphology, Nanoparticles, TGA}, issn = {0144-8617}, doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.015}, author = {Sharma, Priyanka R. and Varma, Anjanikumar} } @article { ISI:000337521700013, title = {Large magnetocaloric effect, moment, and coercivity enhancement after coating Ni nanoparticles with Ag}, journal = {ChemPhysChem}, volume = {15}, number = {8}, year = {2014}, month = {JUN}, pages = {1619-1623}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

We observe a large magnetocaloric effect in monodisperse Ni and NicoreAgshell nanoparticles in the superparamagnetic region. The organically passivated Ni nanospheres show a large magnetic entropy change of 0.9 J kg(-1)K for a 3 T magnetic field change. In comparison to the surfactant-coated Ni nanoparticles, the NicoreAgshell nanoparticles show an enhanced coercivity, magnetization, and magnetocaloric effect (1.3 kgK for a 3 T magnetic field change). The coercivity at 10 K increases from 360 Oe for Ni nanoparticles to nearly 610 Oe for NicoreAgshell particles. This large enhancement is attributed to the enhanced inter-particle interaction, which is mediated by the metallic shell, over the relatively weaker dipolar interaction in the surfactant-coated Ni nanoparticles, and to modification of the surface spin structure.

}, keywords = {anisotropy, core-shell, magnetic properties, Nanoparticles, superparamagnetic}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201300886}, author = {Srinath, Sanyadanam and Poddar, Pankaj and Das, Raja and Sidhaye, Deepti and Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad and Gass, James and Srikanth, Hariharan} } @article { ISI:000336107400002, title = {Living plant-mediated synthesis of different shaped gold nanoparticles}, journal = {Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {APR}, pages = {279-283}, publisher = {AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS}, address = {26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA}, abstract = {

We demonstrate extracellular green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes by using live Prosopis juliflora L. seedling. The conversion of ionic to metallic gold nanoparticles by P. juliflora seedling was carried out in short period. The formed nanoparticles were characterized by UV, TEM, Diffraction and EDS. TEM shows well dispersed particles of different shapes and sizes. The percentage of different shapes of nanoparticles was calculated, most of the particles were spherical in shape (75\%). The triangle nanoparticles were 10\%, followed by squares (8\%), hexagonal (5\%) and rods (2\%). The diffraction shows the formed nanoparticles are crystalline in nature and EDS confirms the formed nanoparticles are of gold. This shows P. juliflora seedling can synthesis different shapes of well dispersed nanoparticles.

}, keywords = {Gold, Nanoparticles, Prosopis juliflora, Shapes, synthesis, TEM}, issn = {1941-4900}, doi = {10.1166/nnl.2014.1756}, author = {Raju, D. and Paneliya, Nikita and Mehta, Urmil J.} } @article { ISI:000209665200041, title = {MoS2 nanoparticles and h-BN nanosheets from direct exfoliation of bulk powder: one-step synthesis method}, journal = {Materials Research Express}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, year = {2014}, month = {SEP}, pages = {035038}, publisher = {IOP PUBLISHING LTD}, address = {TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

We report facile synthesis of MoS2 nanoparticles and h-BN nanosheets using ultrasonication method in suitable solvents such as N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol, respectively. The average size of MoS2 nanoparticles observed from TEM analysis were 4-5 nm and about a few hundreds of nm for h-BN nanosheets. Raman spectroscopy carried out on nanoparticle samples confirms the formation of MoS2 nanoparticles and h-BN nanosheets. UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements carried out on the products show typical absorption and luminescence spectra of MoS2 and h-BN. Further, we attempted to decorate gold nanoparticles on nanosheets of MoS2 and h-BN which show subsequent change in Raman spectra due to charge transfer interaction.

}, keywords = {h-BN, MoS2, Nanoparticles, nanosheets, Optical properties}, issn = {2053-1591}, doi = {10.1088/2053-1591/1/3/035038}, author = {Thripuranthaka, M. and Rout, Chandra Sekhar and Late, Dattatray J.} } @article { ISI:000337617500028, title = {Plasmon-enhanced photocurrent generation from click-chemically modified graphene}, journal = {Chemistry-A European Journal}, volume = {20}, number = {24}, year = {2014}, month = {JUN}, pages = {7402-7409}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

The visible-light response of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) assembled on rGO through different molecular bridges was investigated by transient photocurrent generation. We prepared rGO with two self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), one linear and the other with aromatic triazoles through a click cycloaddition reaction. A fivefold photocurrent enhancement was observed for triazole linkers over the aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) linker. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance measurements also suggest fast electron transfer on account of the low resistance offered by the click-modified rGO surface whereby introduction of triazoles offers the efficient bridge between the donor AuNPs and acceptor rGO.

}, keywords = {Gold, graphene, Nanoparticles, photophysics, surface plasmon resonance}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201400403}, author = {Yenchalwar, Sandeep G. and Devarapalli, Rami Reddy and Deshmukh, Ashvini B. and Shelke, Manjusha V.} } @article { ISI:000343613000075, title = {Supramolecular transitions in native cellulose-I during progressive oxidation reaction leading to quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 6-carboxycellulose}, journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers}, volume = {113}, year = {2014}, month = {NOV}, pages = {615-623}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

Cellulose-I swells considerably in phosphoric acid, and converts to amorphous cellulose via a cellulose-II transition state. Controlled oxidation of cellulose-I to 6-carboxycellulose (6CC) using HNO3-H3PO4-NaNO2 oxidation system led to the selective production of 6CC{\textquoteright}s of varying carboxyl contents (1.7-22\%) as well as various shapes and sizes (macro-sized fibrils of several micron length and/or spherical nanoparticles of 25-35 nm), depending on the reaction conditions. 6CC{\textquoteright}s having less than 14\% carboxyl content were largely in cellulose-II form (WAXRD values in-between cellulose I and cellulose II), whereas at 14-22\% the 6CC{\textquoteright}s were largely amorphous; only trace crystallinity was observed at 19\% and 22\% carboxyl 6CC. Spherical nanoparticles retained a high degree of crystallinity having cellulose-I structure, whereas the macro-sized fibrils were largely converted to cellulose-II structure. Analysis by WAXRD as well as by CP-MAS C-13 NMR studies gave similar conclusions. Reduced molecular weight with progressive oxidation, including presence of oligomers, was also evident from an increase in the reducing-end carbon peak at similar to 92 ppm. For high oxidation levels (\>14\%) the NMR 92-96 ppm peaks disappeared on extracting with dilute alkali, due to soluble oligomers being removed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Carboxycellulose, cellulose, Nanoparticles, NMR, WAXRD}, issn = {0144-8617}, doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.056}, author = {Sharma, Priyanka R. and Rajamohanan, Pattuparambil R. and Varma, Anjanikumar} } @article { ISI:000360705500008, title = {Chemical and biological metal nanoparticles as antimycobacterial agents: a comparative study}, journal = {International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, month = {AUG}, pages = {183-188}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Resistance among mycobacteria leading to multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major threat. However, nanotechnology has provided new insights in drug delivery and medicine development. This is the first comparative report to determine the activity of chemically and biologically synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against mycobacteria. Screening data revealed the high mycobactericidal efficiency of AgNPs, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of \<3 mu g/mL, whereas no such activity was exhibited by AuNPs at concentrations up to 100 mu g/mL. Moreover, in vitro and ex vivo THP-1 infection model assays showed greater efficacy of chemical AgNPs compared with biogenic AgNPs to inhibit active and dormant stage mycobacterial growth. Up to 40\% cytotoxicity against human cell lines was observed at a AgNP concentration of 10 x MIC (30 mu g/mL) after 48 h. AgNPs were shown to have more specificity towards mycobacteria than towards other Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The selectivity index was found to be in the range of 11-23, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for use in developing new therapeutics for tuberculosis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Antibiotic resistance, Antimycobacterial agent, Cytotoxicity, Mycobacteria, Nanoparticles, tuberculosis}, issn = {0924-8579}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.014}, author = {Singh, Richa and Nawale, Laxman U. and Arkile, Manisha A. and Shedbalkar, Utkarsha U. and Wadhwani, Sweety A. and Sarkar, Dhiman and Chopade, Balu Ananda} } @article { ISI:000353097100022, title = {Facile biological approach for immobilization, physicochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of noble metals nanocomposites}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {148}, year = {2015}, month = {JUN}, pages = {86-90}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

The use of biopolymer as template to regulate metallic nanoparticles is promising field in green nanotechnology. We have designed a facile biological way for rapid synthesis and immobilization of gold and silver nanoparticles on alginate films using leaf extract of Cassia auriculata. The prepared gold bio-nanocomposite (Au-BNC) and silver bio-nanocomposite (Ag-BNC) were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and Thermal analysis. The bio-nanocomposites exhibited good antibacterial activity against both gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The metal nanoparticle embedded films have number of applications in catalysis, optical biosensors, electronic, biomedical devices and environmental remediation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Alginate, Antibacterial, Bio-nanocomposites, Cassia auriculata, Characterization, Nanoparticles}, issn = {0167-577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2015.02.059}, author = {Parveen, Asra and Ali, Tayyab and Wahid, Malik and Rao, Srinath} } @article { ISI:000377826000008, title = {Biogenic green synthesis of monodispersed gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) iron nanocomposite material and its application in germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as a plant model}, journal = {IET Nanobiotechnology}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, year = {2016}, month = {JUN}, pages = {141-146}, publisher = {INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET}, address = {MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

An eco-friendly green and one-pot synthesis of highly monodispersed iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) by using a natural biopolymer, gum kondagogu (GK) as reducing and capping agent is proposed. The NPs synthesised were characterised by ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As the concentration of gum and time increases, the intensity of NPs formation increased. The NPs were highly monodispersed with uniform circular shapes of 2-6 nm in size. The formed NPs were crystalline in nature which was confirmed by diffraction analysis. The conversion ratio of Fe ionic form to NPs was 21\% which was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fe is essential for plant growth and development. A study was conducted to examine the effect of these NPs on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to Fe NPs than the ions. The uptake of Fe NPs by the sprouts was also quantified by ICP-MS, in which Fe was more in mung bean seeds exposed to NPs. The -amylase activity was increased in the seeds exposed to NPs. The observed increase in the biomass by Fe NPs and seed germination may facilitate its application in the agriculture as an important cost-effective method for plant growth.

}, keywords = {alpha-amylase activity, Biogenic green synthesis, biological techniques, Biomass, Cochlospermum gossypium, diffraction analysis, enzymes, Fe, gum concentration, high-monodispersed iron nanoparticles, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, ionic-to-nanoparticle iron conversion ratio, iron, monodispersed gum kondagogu, monodispersed gum kondagogu iron nanocomposite material, mung bean germination, mung bean growth, Nanobiotechnology, Nanocomposites, nanoparticle formation, Nanoparticles, natural biopolymer, plant growth, plant model, scanning electron microscopy, size 2 nm to 6 nm, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Vigna radiata, visible spectra, X-ray diffraction}, issn = {1751-8741}, doi = {10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0112}, author = {Raju, Dugyala and Mehta, Urmil J. and Beedu, Sashidhar Rao} } @article { ISI:000377604100021, title = {Facile green synthesis of BCN nanosheets as high-performance electrode material for electrochemical energy storage}, journal = {Chemistry-A European Journal}, volume = {22}, number = {21}, year = {2016}, month = {MAY}, pages = {7134-7140}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Two-dimensional hexagonal boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized by new approach in which a mixture of glucose and an adduct of boric acid (H3BO3) and urea (NH2CONH2) is heated at 900 degrees C. The method is green, scalable and gives a high yield of BCN NSs with average size of about 1 mm and thickness of about 13 nm. Structural characterization of the as-synthesized material was carried out by several techniques, and its energy-storage properties were evaluated electrochemically. The material showed excellent capacitive behaviour with a specific capacitance as high as 244 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1). The material retains up to 96\% of its initial capacity after 3000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g(-1).

}, keywords = {boron, Doping, Electrochemistry, Nanoparticles, nitrides}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201505225}, author = {Karbhal, Indrapal and Devarapalli, Rami Reddy and Debgupta, Joyashish and Pillai, Vijayamohanan K. and Ajayan, Pulickel M. and Shelke, Manjusha V.} } @article { ISI:000375559600001, title = {Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents}, journal = {International Journal of Nanomedicine}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, month = {MAY}, pages = {1889{\textemdash}1897}, publisher = {DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD}, address = {PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND}, abstract = {

Purpose: Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to human health. It requires immediate action to seek new antitubercular compounds and devise alternate strategies. Nanomaterials, in the present scenario, have opened new avenues in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutics. In view of this, the current study aims to determine the efficacy of phytogenic metal nanoparticles to inhibit mycobacteria. Methods: Silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and gold-silver bimetallic (Au-AgNPs) nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants, such as Barleria prionitis, Plumbago zeylanica, and Syzygium cumini, were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays were designed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half maximal inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles. Microscopic analyses were carried out to demonstrate intracellular uptake of nanoparticles in macrophages. Besides this, biocompatibility, specificity, and selectivity of nanoparticles were also established with respect to human cell lines. Results: Au-AgNPs exhibited highest antitubercular activity, with MIC of \<2.56 mu g/mL, followed by AgNPs. AuNPs did not show such activity at concentrations of up to 100 mu g/mL. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays revealed the inhibition of both active and dormant stage mycobacteria on exposure to Au-AgNPs. These nanoparticles were capable of entering macrophage cells and exhibited up to 45\% cytotoxicity at 30 mu g/mL (ten times MIC concentration) after 48 hours. Among these, Au-AgNPs synthesized from S. cumini were found to be more specific toward mycobacteria, with their selectivity index in the range of 94-108. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the antimycobacterial activity of AuNPs, AgNPs, and Au-AgNPs synthesized from medicinal plants. Among these, Au-AgNPs from S. cumini showed profound efficiency, specificity, and selectivity to kill mycobacteria. These should be investigated further to develop novel TB nanoantibiotics.

}, keywords = {Antimycobacterial agent, Cytotoxicity, drug resistance, Mycobacteria, Nanoparticles, tuberculosis}, issn = {1178-2013}, doi = {10.2147/IJN.S102488}, author = {Singh, Richa and Nawale, Laxman and Arkile, Manisha A. and Wadhwani, Sweety and Shedbalkar, Utkarsha and Chopade, Snehal and Sarkar, Dhiman and Chopade, Balu Ananda} } @article { ISI:000368952100001, title = {Selective detection of Fe3+, Cr3+ and Cu2+ in water using highly luminescent Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Luminescence}, volume = {171}, year = {2016}, month = {MAR}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Rod shaped Eu3+ doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles were synthesised by a simple wet-chemical method followed by high temperature heating at 700 degrees C. The nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray photonelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) studies and lifetime measurement. The particles show strong host sensitised luminescence in water. Luminescence in water is selectively quenched by Fe3+, Cr3+ and Cu2+ ions. This luminescence quenching phenomenon has been utilised to detect metal ions in synthetic water and environmental water samples. Results obtained by luminescence quenching for environmental water samples are in good agreement with the results obtained from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) study. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Detection, Luminescence, Nanoparticles, Quenching, Sensitization}, issn = {0022-2313}, doi = {10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.10.020}, author = {Ghosh, Debasish and Luwang, Meitram Niraj} } @article {45646, title = {Synthesis and characterization of FeTiO3 ceramics}, journal = {Arabian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {9}, year = {2016}, month = {SEP}, pages = {S429-S432}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Nanocrystalline FeTiO3 ceramics powders were prepared by the sol-gel process combined with a surfactant-assisted template method. The resulting powders were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 150 degrees C to 600 degrees C for 2 h in an air. The results revealed that a pure hexagonal phase of FeTiO3 could be obtained at low temperature, 600 degrees C. The phase evolution of FeTiO3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (C) 2011 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

}, keywords = {Electron microscopy, hexagonal phase, Nanoparticles, sol-gel process, Ti-O bond}, issn = {1878-5352}, doi = {10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.05.012}, author = {Gambhire, Anil B. and Lande, Machhindra K. and Rathod, Sandip B. and Arbad, Balasaheb R. and Vidhate, Kaluram N. and Gholap, Ramakrishna S. and Patil, Kashinath R.} } @article {43899, title = {Copper Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets Realizing a Promising Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction}, journal = {ACS Catalysis}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, chapter = {5871-5879}, abstract = {

Nanostructured CuCo2S4, a mixed metal thiospinel, is found to be a benchmark electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in this study with a low overpotential, a low Tafel slope, a high durability, and a high turnover frequency (TOF) at lower mass loadings. Nanosheets of CuCo2S4 are realized from a hydrothermal synthesis method in which the average thickness of the sheets is found to be in the range of 815 nm. Aggregated nanosheets form a highly open hierarchical structure. When used as an electrocatalyst, CuCo2S4 nanosheets offer an overpotential value of 310 mV at a 10 mA cm(2) current density, which remains consistent for 10000 measured cycles in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. A chronoamperometric study reveals constant oxygen evolution for 12 h at a 10 mV s(-1) scan rate without any degradation of the activity. Furthermore, the calculated mass activity of the CuCo2S4 electrocatalyst is found to be 14.29 A/g and to afford a TOF value of 0.1431 s(-1) at 310 mV at a mass loading of 0.7 mg cm(-2). For comparison, nanostructures of Co3S4 and Cu0.5Co2.5S4 have been synthesized using a similar method followed for CuCo2S4. When compared to the OER activities among these three thiospinels and standard IrO2, CuCo2S4 nanosheets offered the highest OER activities at the same mass loading (0.7 mg/cm(-2)). Extensive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses for a mechanistic study reveal that introduction of Cu into the Co3S4 lattice enhances the oxygen evolution and kinetics by offering Cu2+ sites for utilitarian adsorption of OH, O, and OOH reactive species and also by offering a highly active high-spin state of octahedral Co3+ for OER catalysis.

}, keywords = {Bifunctional Electrocatalyst, Catalyst, Cuco2s4, Efficient Electrocatalyst, electrocatalyst, Electronic-structure, Nanoparticles, Nanosheet, oxide, oxygen evolution, performance, Recent Progress, Water oxidation, Water Splitting Hydrogen Evolution}, doi = { 10.1021/acscatal.7b01831}, author = {Chauhan, Meenakshi and Reddy, Kasala Prabhakar and Gopinath, Chinnakonda S. and Deka, Sasanka} } @article {43891, title = {Intensification of extraction of curcumin from Curcuma amada using ultrasound assisted approach: Effect of different operating parameters}, journal = {Ultrasonic Sonochemistry}, volume = {38}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, chapter = {437-445}, abstract = {

Curcumin, a dietary phytochemical, has been extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma amada using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and the results compared with the conventional extraction approach to establish the process intensification benefits. The effect of operating parameters such as type of solvent, extraction time, extraction temperature, solid to solvent ratio, particle size and ultrasonic power on the extraction yield have been investigated in details for the approach UAE. The maximum extraction yield as 72\% was obtained in 1 h under optimized conditions of 35 degrees C temperature, solid to solvent ratio of 1:25, particle size of 0.09 mm, ultrasonic power of 250 W and ultrasound frequency of 22 kHz with ethanol as the solvent. The obtained yield was significantly higher as compared to the batch extraction where only about 62\% yield was achieved in 8 h of treatment. Peleg{\textquoteright}s model was used to describe the kinetics of UAE and the model showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Overall, ultrasound has been established to be a green process for extraction of curcumin with benefits of reduction in time as compared to batch extraction and the operating temperature as compared to Soxhlet extraction.

}, keywords = {Acrylamide, Cavitation, Curcumin Extraction, Design, Enhancement, Functionalized Silica, kinetics, Microwave, Nanoparticles, Natural-products, Optimization, Phenolic-compounds, Process Intensification, Solid-liquid Extraction, Ultrasound}, issn = {1350-4177}, doi = {10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.040}, author = {Shirsath, S. R. and Sable, S. S. and Gaikwad, S. G. and Sonawane, S. H. and Saini, D. R. and Gogate, P. R.} } @article {43908, title = {Modular assembly of porous organic cage crystals: isoreticular quasiracemates and ternary co-crystal}, journal = {CrystEngComm}, volume = {19}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, chapter = {4933-4941}, abstract = {

Small changes in molecular structure and crystallisation conditions can have a profound effect on the crystal packing of molecules. Increasing the system complexity-for example, by introducing multiple components-greatly increases the number of potential outcomes. Hence, the rational design of porous cocrystals with multiple components is challenging. Here, we report a family of isoreticular quasiracemate crystalline phases for porous organic cages, FT-RCC3-R center dot CCX-S (where X = 1, 2, or 4), that were prepared in a modular and predictable fashion. By using directional intermolecular interactions between cages, we were able to prepare a rare ternary co-crystal, (CC3-S(0.5)CC4-S-0.5)center dot(CC13-S(0.5)CC3-S(0.25)CC4-S-0.25).

}, keywords = {cocrystals, Frameworks, Gas-chromatography, Halogen Bonds, Hydrogen-bonds, Molecular Cage, Nanoparticles, Pores, porosity, Separation}, issn = {1466-8033}, doi = {10.1039/c7ce00783c}, author = {Tothadi, Srinu and Little, Marc A and Hasell, Tom and Briggs, Michael E. and Chong, Samantha Y. and Liu, Ming and Cooper, Andrew I.} } @article {43890, title = {Multifunctional inulin tethered silver-graphene quantum dots nanotheranostic module for pancreatic cancer therapy}, journal = {Material Science and Engineering C- Materials for Biological Application}, volume = {78}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, chapter = {1203-1211}, abstract = {

Cancer nanotechnology is an emerging area of cancer diagnosis and therapy. Although considerable progress has been made for targeted drug delivery systems to deliver anticancer agents to particular site of interest, new nanomaterials are frequently being developed and explored for better drug delivery efficiency. In the present work, we have explored a novel nanoformulation based on silver-graphene quantum dots (Ag-GQDs) nanocomposite for its successful implementation for pancreatic cancer specific drug delivery in wistar rats. Carboxymethyl inulin (CMI); a modified variant of natural polysaccharide inulin is tethered with the nanocomposite via carbodiimide coupling to enhance the biocompatibility of nanoformulation. Experiments are performed to investigate the cytotoxicity reduction of silver nanoparticles after inulin tethering as well as anticancer efficacy of the system using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as model drug. SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV-vis, photoluminescence and anti proliferative assays (MTT) are performed for characterisation of the nanocomposite. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is conjugated as targeting moiety for CD-44 (cancer stem cell marker) to fabricate a complete targeted drug delivery vehicle specific for pancreatic cancer. In the present work two prime objectives were achieved; mitigation the toxicity of silver nanoparticles by inulin coating and it{\textquoteright}s in vivo application for pancreatic cancer. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {acid, Dextran, Drug-delivery, graphene quantum dots, Inulin, Nanocomposite, Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Pancreatic Cancer, Silver nanoparticle, Strategies, Systems, Targeted Drug Delivery}, issn = {0928-4931}, doi = {10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.176}, author = {Joshi, Preeti Nigam and Agawane, Sachin and Agawane, Sachin and Agawane, Sachin and Sarkar, Dhiman and Sarkar, Dhiman} } @article {43972, title = {Preparation of MgO supported platinum nanoparticle catalyst using toluene dispersed platinum sol}, journal = {Applied Surface Science}, volume = {418}, year = {2017}, month = {OCT}, pages = {874-91}, type = {Journal Article}, abstract = {

An effective way of anchoring Pt nanoparticles on MgO using toluene dispersed platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) as one of the ingredient is demonstrated. The usage of particles dispersed in toluene allows the retention of size and size distribution of preformed Pt-NPs even after deposition on MgO support with high active surface area, which is crucial for heterogeneous catalysis. The catalyst thus prepared, displayed selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol with high turn on frequency (TOF - 105 h-1) with respect to the total Pt content. We attribute this efficient catalytic performance to the uniform distribution and deposition of Pt on the active MgO support and its better accessible surface as evidenced by the cyclic-voltammetry results.

}, keywords = {catalysis, Catalysts, cyclic voltammetry, Deposition, Magnesia, Nanoparticles, sol-gel process}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.12.058}, author = {Seth, J. and Nepak, D. and Chaudhari, V. R. and Prasad, B.L.V.} } @article {43836, title = {Role of base fluid on the thermal conductivity of oleic acid coated magnetite nanofluids}, journal = {COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS}, volume = {529}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, chapter = {922-929}, abstract = {

Thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids of oleic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in four different base fluids (toluene, xylene, mesitylene, kerosene) is studied to understand the role of the solvent (base fluid). From the correlation of the thermophysical properties of the base fluid with the thermal conductivity of the corresponding nanofluid, it is found that the nanofluid with the base fluid of lower intrinsic thermal conductivity and dielectric constant shows relatively larger enhancement in the thermal conductivity. A linear increase in the thermal conductivity with increasing viscosity is observed for all four nanofluids studied. The concentration dependent thermal conductivity studies showed enhancement only above a particular concentration, within the sensitivity of the measurement, and this critical concentration is different for the different nanofluids. The nanofluid with kerosene showed the lowest critical concentration for thermal conductivity enhancement compared to the other nanofluids. The difference between the experimental thermal conductivity and the calculated value using the Maxwell model is found to depend on the critical concentration. By assuming the critical concentration as the zero concentration, it is found that all the studied nanofluids almost follow the Maxwell model of thermal conductivity. Thus, for the dispersions of the same oleic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles, the base fluid affects the critical concentration for thermal conductivity enhancement, probably due to the interfacial effects arising from the surfactant-solvent interactions.

}, keywords = {Brownian-Motion, Enhancement, Heat-transfer Characteristics, Magnetic nanofluids, Maxwell model, Nanoparticles, Particle Migration, Size, stability, Suspension, Temprature, Thermal conductivity, Thermophysical properties, transport mechanism, viscosity}, issn = {0927-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.084}, author = {Lenin, Ramanujam and Joy, Pattayil Alias} } @article {44626, title = {Co9Se8 nanoparticles as high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries}, journal = {Materials Research Express}, volume = {5}, year = {2018}, month = {JUL}, pages = {075510}, abstract = {

Present investigation deal with the facile synthesis of Co9Se8 nanoparticles (NPs) and their application as the potential anode for lithium-ion battery (LIB). The primary size of the Co9Se8 NPs can be achieved between 10 similar to 25 nm while the secondary cluster size ranging from 150 similar to 200 nm as observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The specific capacity of Co9Se8 NPs LIB anode can reach around similar to 610 mAhg(-1) during charging (lithium ion released from Co9Se8 nanoparticles), and -730 mAhg(-1) during discharging (lithium ion intercalated) at an applied current density of similar to 100 mAg(-1). These values are significantly higher than that of the commercial graphite anode (theoretical capacity similar to 372 mAhg(-1)). The irreversibility of Co9Se8 anode (similar to 15\%) is also significantly lower than that of most metal oxides and silicon-based anodes (irreversibility ranging between 30 similar to 50\% or higher for Si). The reason for superior specific capacity and low irreversibility compared to metal oxides and silicon-based materials could be owing to the stable nano-cluster size which help to reduce the diffusion path and internal resistance to lithium ion.

}, keywords = {irreversibility, lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion diffusion, Nanoparticles, specific capacity}, issn = {2053-1591}, doi = {10.1088/2053-1591/aad16d}, author = {Kumar, Pushpendra and Hu, Lung-Hao} } @article {44519, title = {Surface modification of polymers for tissue engineering applications: arginine acts as a sticky protein equivalent for viable cell accommodation}, journal = {ACS Omega}, volume = {3}, year = {2018}, month = {APR }, pages = {4242{\textendash}4251}, type = {Journal Article}, abstract = {

Hydrophobic polymers, for their favorable mechanical properties, are a popular choice as permanent bioimplants. These materials remain absolutely bioinert for years, but throw up challenges when it comes to fast integration with healthy tissue. Addressing this, herein, we present a surface-modification technique of converting the hydrophobic surface of a polymeric film into a hydrophilic one using a layer-by-layer assembly process involving gold nanoparticles and small molecules like amino acids. These films showed much improved animal cell (murine fibroblast) adherence properties compared to commercially available tissue culture plates. Moreover, arginine-modified films exhibited a nearly equivalent cell viability compared to the films modified with the natural extracellular matrix component fibronectin. The surface hydrophilicity and roughness of our novel film were characterized by contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy. Cell counting, fluorescence microscopy, cell viability, and collagen estimation assay were employed to demonstrate that our film favored a much improved cell adherence, and accommodation in comparison to the commercially available tissue culture plates.

}, keywords = {Cell and Molecular biology, Extracellular matrix proteins, Nanoparticles, Physical and chemical properties, Polymers, Proteins, Surface structure, Surface treatment, Thin films, tissue engineering}, issn = {24701343}, doi = { 10.1021/acsomega.8b00215}, author = {Sengupta, Poulomi}, editor = {Prasad, Bhagavatula L. V.} } @article {45529, title = {Scalable microwave-assisted continuous flow synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and their thermal conductivity applications as nanofluids}, journal = {Advanced Powder Technology}, volume = {30}, year = {2019}, month = {JAN}, pages = {13-17}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

We have demonstrated the novel and scalable synthesis of CuO nanoparticles by an integration of microwave and flow synthesis. The shape and size of CuO nanoparticles were tuned by changing the concentration of copper precursor. The production rate of CuO nanoparticles was found to be 5 g/h with 70\% conversion of copper acetate into the CuO nanoparticles. The thermal conductivity of CuO nanofluid prepared in ethylene glycol showed linear enhancement with increase in the volume content of CuO nanoparticles produced in batch and flow reactors. (C) 2018 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Flow synthesis, Microwave, Nanofluids, Nanoparticles, scale-up, Thermal conductivity}, issn = {0921-8831}, doi = {10.1016/j.apt.2018.10.001}, author = {Nikam, Arun V. and Dadwal, Arun H.} } @article {46783, title = {Co (9) S (8) nanoparticle-supported nitrogen-doped carbon as a robust catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in both acidic and alkaline conditions}, journal = {ChemElectroChem}, volume = {7}, year = {2020}, month = {JUL}, pages = {3123-3134}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The present work illustrates the synthesis of an efficient and durable catalyst for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which is active both in the alkaline and acidic conditions by dispersing few-layer graphitic carbon coated Co(9)S(8)nanoparticles on the nitrogen-doped carbon (NVC-G) support (Co9S8/NVC-G). The size of the Co(9)S(8)nanoparticles is nearly 7-8 nm and the particles are found to be dispersed homogeneously on the NVC-G support. The few-layer graphitic carbon formed on the surface of Co(9)S(8)nanoparticles is assisting to accomplish their small size and it also prevents agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The ORR activity of the obtained material was analyzed in both 0.1 M KOH and 0.5 M H(2)SO(4)solutions. Co9S8/NVC-G displays nearly 70 mV overpotential compared to thestate-of-the-artPt/C in 0.1 M KOH solution. The half-wave potential (E-1/2) difference of the present system is nearly 75 mV with the commercial Pt/C. Co9S8/NVC-G displays promising ORR activity in the acidic conditions as well with nearly 140 mV overpotential compared to its Pt/C counterpart. The system shows about 170 mV lowerE(1/2)value with Pt/C. The system shows good stability both in acidic and basic conditions compared to the Pt/C system. Finally, testing of a single cell of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was performed by employing Co9S8/NVC-G as the cathode catalyst and Nafion-212 as the proton exchange membrane. The system displays a maximum power density of 245 mW cm(-2)in H-2-O(2)and 115 mW cm(-2)in H-2-air feeding conditions.

}, keywords = {cobalt sulfide, fuel cells, Nanoparticles, nitrogen-doped carbon, oxygen reduction reaction}, issn = {2196-0216}, doi = {10.1002/celc.202000786}, author = {Illathvalappil, Rajith and Kurungot, Sreekumar} } @article {47158, title = {Nanoparticle size-fractionation through self-standing porous covalent organic framework films}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie-International Edition}, volume = {59}, year = {2020}, month = {JAN}, pages = {1161-1165}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted attention due to their ordered pores leading to important industrial applications like storage and separation. Combined with their modular synthesis and pore engineering, COFs could become ideal candidates for nanoseparations. However, the fabrication of these microcrystalline powders as continuous, crack-free, robust films remains a challenge. Herein, we report a simple, slow annealing strategy to construct centimeter-scale COF films (Tp-Azo and Tp-TTA) with micrometer thickness. The as-synthesized films are porous (SA(BET)=2033 m(2) g(-1) for Tp-Azo) and chemically stable. These COFs have distinct size cut-offs (ca. 2.7 and ca. 1.6 nm for Tp-Azo and Tp-TTA, respectively), which allow the size-selective separation of gold nanoparticles. Unlike, other conventional membranes, the durable structure of the COF films allow for excellent recyclability (up to 4 consecutive cycles) and easy recovery of the gold nanoparticles from the solution.

}, keywords = {covalent organic frameworks, films, nanofilter, Nanoparticles, size-selective separation}, issn = {1433-7851}, doi = {10.1002/anie.201912381, Early Access Date = DEC 2019}, author = {Dey, Kaushik and Kunjattu, Shebeeb H. and Chahande, Anurag M. and Banerjee, Rahul} } @article {47585, title = {Active nickel hollow nanosphere supported over SiO2 catalyst for reduction of nitro compound}, journal = {Particulate Science and Technology}, volume = {40}, year = {2021}, month = {APR}, pages = {325-335}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Nickel hollow nanospheres (Ni HNSs) was prepared by solvothermal method using mixture of ethylenediamine (EN) and ethanol (ET), sodium borohydride as reducing agent and nickel chloride hexahydrate as precursor. The particle size of the Ni HNSs were tuned by varying several parameters including precursor concentrations, reaction temperatures (130-190 degrees C), and ET to EN volume ratios. The particle size and morphology of Ni HNSs were confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Spherical shape of Ni nanoparticles of 300 nm size having similar to 200 nm hollow space and 50 nm thickness was achieved at optimize condition of 4:6 volume ratio of ET/EN, 150 degrees C temperature, 0.1 M NaBH4 concentration, and 7 h. Ni HNSs supported over SiO2 (Ni HNSs/SiO2) with different loading of Ni HNSs (1-10 wt.\%) were prepared by impregnation method. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of Ni HNSs/SiO2 was carried out in the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4 - Aminophenol (4-AP). 5 wt.\% Ni HNSs/SiO2 exhibited 87\% reduction of 4-NP in 25 min and stable up to 6 catalyst cycles due to higher surface area of the catalyst.

}, keywords = {4-Aminophenol, 4-nitrophenol, Catalyst, hollow nanospheres, Nanoparticles, Nickel}, issn = {0272-6351}, doi = {10.1080/02726351.2021.1947424}, author = {Pawar, Priyanka S. and Lokhande, Aboli A. and Nandanwar, Sachin U. and Niphadkar, Prashant S. and Bokade, Vijay V.} } @article {47316, title = {Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Phlogacanthus Thyrsiformis extracts-its phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant studies}, journal = {Materials Today-Proceedings}, volume = {43}, year = {2021}, month = {JAN}, pages = {2805-2809}, type = {Proceedings Paper}, abstract = {

Phlogacanthus Thyrsiformis is a shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, normally found in the northeastern parts of India, Nepal, Burma, Indo-Chinese region and Indonesia. It is used as a cure for diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, burns, boils, high blood pressure, sprains and body pains. Silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized from the extracts of the leaves of this plant as the some biomolecules, known as secondary metabolites, present in plant extracts can be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles. The contents of the leaves were extracted in various solvents and the tests for the presence of secondary metabolites were carried out. The gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts and characterized using TEM, SEM techniques and the phytochemical screening tests were done for different extracts. The anti-oxidant studies of the several extracts were carried out. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Anti-oxidant studies, Nanoparticles, Phligacanthus thyrsiformis, Phytochemical Studies, Secondary metabolites}, issn = {2214-7853}, doi = {10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.798}, author = {Singh, Avinash Thounaojam and Shaikh, Iqbal N. and Rale, Madhura Vijay} } @article {48183, title = {Synergistic electronic effects in AuCo nanoparticles stabilized in a triazine-based covalent organic framework: a catalyst for methyl orange and methylene blue reduction}, journal = {ACS Applied Nano Materials}, volume = {5}, year = {2022}, month = {APR }, pages = {4744-4753}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Developing stable active catalysts for reducing water-soluble pollutants is a desirable target. In this pursuit, we have functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with gold (Au) and cobalt (Co) nanoparticles via a one-step aqueous synthesis process, and their catalytic activity in reducing methyl orange and methylene blue is examined. Operando absorbance measurements of methyl orange (anionic dye) reduction revealed AuCoCOF (1.3 Au/1.0 Co) to have superior kinetics over many other catalysts, which typically require additional external stimuli (e.g., photons) and higher catalyst loadings. After confirming the homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles on the COF support using three-dimensional (3D) tomography and material stability through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared (IR), and thermal studies, we investigated their redox activity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed the involvement of both metals in the redox process, while spectroelectrochemical measurements show that their activity and kinetics remain unaltered by an applied potential. Solid-state UV measurements reveal that the neat COF is a semiconductor with a large band gap (2.8 eV), which is substantially lowered when loaded with cobalt nanoparticles (2.2 eV for CoCOF). The electronic synergy between Au and Co nanoparticles further reduces the band gap of AuCoCOF (1.9 eV). Thus, there is a definite advantage in doping non-noble metal nanoparticles into a noble metal lattice and nanoconfining them into a porous COF support. Our study highlights the significance of bimetallic COF-supported nanocatalysts, wherein one can engage each component toward targeted applications that demand redox activity with favorable kinetics.

}, keywords = {AuCoCOF, band gaps, Covalent organic framework, methyl orange reduction, Nanoparticles, UV-vis spectroscopy}, doi = {10.1021/acsanm.1c04212}, author = {Devulapalli, Venkata Swaroopa Datta and Kushwaha, Rinku and Ovalle, Edwin and Singh, Himan Dev and Shekhar, Pragalbh and Chakraborty, Debanjan and Vinod, Chathakudath Prabhakaran and Vaidhyanathan, Ramanathan and Borguet, Eric} } @article {48777, title = {Effective distribution of gold nanorods in ordered thick mesoporous silica: a choice of noninvasive theranostics}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {OCT }, pages = {47615-47627}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Porous silica coated gold nanorod core-shell structures demonstrate a multifunctional role in bioimaging, drug delivery, and cancer therapeutics applications. Here, we address a new approach for effective distribution of gold nanorods (GNRs) in a mesoporous silica (MS) shell, viz., one nanorod in one silica particle (GMS). We have studied that silica coating presents major advantages for the better biocompatibility and stability of GNRs. In this study, two different thicknesses of silica shell over GNRs have been discussed as per the application{\textquoteright}s need; GNRs in thin silica (11 nm) are fit for phototherapy and bioimaging, whereas thick and porous silica (51 nm) coated gold nanorods are suitable for triggered drug delivery and theranostics. However, effective distribution of GNRs in ordered architecture of thick mesoporous silica (MS, more than 50 nm thickness) with high surface area (more than 1000 m(2)/g) is not well understood so far. Here, we present methodical investigations for uniform and highly ordered mesoporous silica coating over GNRs with tunable thickness (6 to 51 nm). Judicious identification and optimization of different reaction parameters like concentrations of silica precursor (TEOS, 1.85-43.9 mM), template (CTAB, 0.9-5.7 mM), effect of temperature, pH (8.6-10.8), stirring speed (100-400 rpm), and, most importantly, the mode of addition of TEOS with GNRs have been discussed. Studies with thick, porous silica coated GNRs simplify the highest ever reported surface area (1100 m(2)/g) and cargo capacity (57\%) with better product yield (g/batch). First and foremost, we report a highly scalable (more than 500 mL) and rapid direct deposition of an ordered MS shell around GNRs. These engineered core-shell nanoparticles demonstrate X-ray contrast property, synergistic photothermal-chemotherapeutics, and imaging of tumor cell (96\% cell death) due to released fluorescent anticancer drug molecules and photothermal effect (52 degree celsius) of embedded GNRs. A deeper insight into their influence on the architectural features and superior theranostics performances has been illustrated in detail. Hence, these findings indicate the potential impact of individual GMS for image guided combination therapeutics of cancer.

}, keywords = {CombinationTherapy, Contrast Agent, Core-ShellStructure, GoldNanorods, Imaging, Mesoporous silica, Nanoparticles, TheranosticsIntervention}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.3c06108}, author = {Prasad, Rajendra and Selvaraj, Kaliaperumal} } @article {48742, title = {i-Indigo-based self-assembled microparticles and their conversion to nanoparticles}, journal = {ChemistrySelect}, volume = {8}, year = {2023}, month = {AUG }, pages = {e202300859}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Microscopic particles (MPs) are used to scatter and reflect UV light. It is well established that inorganic MPs such as TiO2 and ZnO produce carcinogens. Therefore, organic MPs are explored for UV absorption. Conjugated chromophores with differing lipophilicity usually self-assemble into nanoscopic structures. In our previous experiments, unsymmetrical i-Indigo was found to self-assemble into 500 nm particles. We hypothesized that the size of the self-assembled particles can be increased by increasing the lipophilicity difference between the side chains. Toward this objective, we have chosen the i-Indigo core with TEG and alkyl chains as side chains. As a result, the i-Indigo molecules were found to self-assemble into 3 \& mu; spheres in solution. By substituting side chains with different lipophilicity, i-Indigo microparticles with the size of 5 \& mu; are prepared. A careful analysis showed that the spheres are similar to a soccer ball, and they deflate upon drying on the substrate surface. The judiciously chosen side chain binds with a metal-ion (Cs+) and forms nanoscopic assemblies. After Cs+ binding, the size of the particles is decreased drastically to 100 nm. The simple addition of ions converts microscopic assemblies into nanoscopic assemblies.

}, keywords = {Isoindigo, microparticles, Nanoparticles, Self-assembly, UV absorber}, issn = {2365-6549}, doi = {10.1002/slct.202300859}, author = {Singh, Anup Kumar and Swain, Gitanjali} } @article {48287, title = {Robust optimization and characterization of MCM-41 nanoparticle synthesis using modified sol-gel method}, journal = {ChemistrySelect}, volume = {8}, year = {2023}, month = {MAR}, pages = {e202204968}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for drug delivery application requires great expertise to synthesize small sized monodisperse particles. We aimed at synthesizing and optimizing MCM-41 particles with the modified Stober{\textquoteright}s method by adjusting factors such as concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (H2O) with respect to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and a process parameter (stirring). We comprehended that the reactants determined the shape and size of both the particles and pores. Upon extensive characterization we report the synthesis of spherical particles of similar to 70 nm size in a monodisperse population; the structures had hexagonal ordered pores of diameter 3.071 nm and volume 3.124 cm(3)/g; the total surface area of 3410.648 m(2)/g of the particles was covered with silanol groups that aid in functionalization; the particles exhibited great thermal stability. Thus, the extensive optimization fabricated robust MCM-41 particles fit for drug delivery application.

}, keywords = {characterization technique, dynamic light scattering (DLS), mesoporous materials, Nanoparticles, sol gel processes}, issn = {2365-6549}, doi = {10.1002/slct.202204968}, author = {Shende, Rajnigandha A. and Chaudhari, Bhushan P.} }