@article { ISI:000254736700028,
	title = {Differential accumulation of manganese in three mature tree species (Holoptelia, Cassia, Neem) growing on a mine dump},
	journal = {Current Science},
	volume = {94},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {639-643},
	publisher = {INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES},
	type = {Article},
	address = {C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA},
	abstract = {<p>Three trees, including Cassia siamea (Cassia), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Holoptelia integrifolia (Holoptelia) belonging to three different families were identified from a manganese mine tailing dump. Manganese content in dump soil and in the stem, green leaves and dry, fallen leaves of the plants was determined. Values were compared with similar samples collected from normal vegetation. Under control condition, manganese content was highest in Cassia. Distribution of metal in samples collected from the dump site revealed that Holoptelia has a special ability to accumulate high amounts of manganese under stress condition followed by Cassia and Neem. There is no literature on metal accumulation in Holoptelia. Mechanism of manganese sequestration in Holoptelia is different from the other two trees growing in the same soil.</p>},
	keywords = {Azadirachta indica, Cassia siamea, Holoptelia integrifolia, hyperaccumulator, manganese, mine dump},
	issn = {0011-3891},
	author = {Raju, D. and Kumar, Sunil and Mehta, Urmil J. and Hazra, Sulekha}
}
@article { ISI:000360677400002,
	title = {Triterpenoid profiling and functional characterization of the initial genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis in neem (Azadirachta indica)},
	journal = {BMC Plant Biology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2015},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {Article Number: 214},
	publisher = {BIOMED CENTRAL LTD},
	address = {236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Background: Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is one of the richest sources of skeletally diverse triterpenoids and they are well-known for their broad-spectrum pharmacological and insecticidal properties. However, the abundance of Neem triterpenoids varies among the tissues. Here, we delineate quantitative profiling of fifteen major triterpenoids across various tissues including developmental stages of kernel and pericarp, flower, leaf, stem and bark using UPLC-ESI (+)-HRMS based profiling. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify the initial genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis. Based on transcriptome analysis, two short-chain prenyltransferases and squalene synthase (AiSQS) were cloned and functionally characterized. Results: Quantitative profiling revealed differential abundance of both total and individual triterpenoid content across various tissues. RNA from tissues with high triterpenoid content (fruit, flower and leaf) were pooled to generate 79.08 million paired-end reads using Illumina GA.. platform. 41,140 transcripts were generated by d e novo assembly. Transcriptome annotation led to the identification of the putative genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis. Two short-chain prenyltransferases, geranyl diphosphate synthase (AiGDS) and farnesyl diphosphate synthase (AiFDS) and squalene synthase (AiSQS) were cloned and functionally characterized using transcriptome data. RT-PCR studies indicated five-fold and ten-fold higher relative expression level of AiSQS in fruits as compared to leaves and flowers, respectively. Conclusions: Triterpenoid profiling indicated that there is tissue specific variation in their abundance. The mature seed kernel and initial stages of pericarp were found to contain the highest amount of limonoids. Furthermore, a wide diversity of triterpenoids, especially C-seco triterpenoids were observed in kernel as compared to the other tissues. Pericarp, flower and leaf contained mainly ring-intact triterpenoids. The initial genes such as AiGDS, AiFDS and AiSQS involved in the isoprenoids biosynthesis have been functionally characterized. The expression levels of AiFDS and AiSQS were found to be in correlation with the total triterpenoid content in individual tissues.</p>},
	keywords = {Azadirachta indica, Quantitative profiling, Transcriptome, Triterpenoids},
	issn = {1471-2229},
	doi = {10.1186/s12870-015-0593-3},
	author = {Pandreka, Avinash and Dandekar, Devdutta S. and Haldar, Saikat and Uttara, Vairagkar and Vijayshree, Shinde G. and Mulani, Fayaj A. and Aarthy, Thiagarayaselvam and Thulasiram, Hirekodathakallu V.}
}
