@article { ISI:000230297800031, title = {Catalyzing Henry reactions in chloroaluminate ionic liquids}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Catalysis A - Chemical}, volume = {235}, number = {1-2}, year = {2005}, month = {JUL}, pages = {244-248}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Henry reactions can be accelerated in chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids. The choloroaluminates with higher compositions of organic species of the chloroaluminates prove to be more efficient rate promoters than the ones with lower organic species in catalyzing Henry reactions. involving both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. The ionic liquids can be recycled five times to offer good yields. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {chloroaluminates, Henry reactions, ionic liquids, Recycling}, issn = {1381-1169}, doi = {10.1016/j.molcata.2005.04.010}, author = {Kumar, Anil and Pawar, Sanjay S.} } @article { ISI:000240554000009, title = {Ionic liquid promoted facile one-pot synthesis of 1-pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines from dipyridylketone and aryl aldehydes}, journal = {Synthesis-Stuttgart}, number = {17}, year = {2006}, month = {SEP}, pages = {2849-2854}, publisher = {GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG}, type = {Article}, address = {RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY}, abstract = {

A highly efficient one-pot methodology has been developed to synthesize a class of substituted 1-pyridylimidazo[ 1,5-a]pyridines, using Bronsted acidic ionic liquid 1-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Hbim]BF4 in excellent isolated yields in the absence of any catalyst. The methodology is characterized by simple work-up procedures along with efficient recovery and recycling of the ionic liquid, which acts as a reaction medium as well as a promoter.

}, keywords = {5-a]pyridines, Aldehyde, ammonium acetate, heterocycles, imidazo[1, ionic liquids}, issn = {0039-7881}, doi = {10.1055/s-2006-942522}, author = {Siddiqui, Shafi A. and Potewar, Taterao M. and Lahoti, Rajgopal J. and Srinivasan, Kumar V.} } @article { ISI:000252094200024, title = {Efficient synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles using ionic liquid under ambient conditions: a practical approach towards the synthesis of Fanetizole}, journal = {Tetrahedron }, volume = {63}, number = {45}, year = {2007}, month = {NOV}, pages = {11066-11069}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, type = {Article}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

A highly efficient and rapid synthesis of 2-amino-4-arylthiazoles and 2-methyl-4-arylthiazole from alpha-bromoketone and thiourea/thioamide is described using room temperature ionic liquid at ambient conditions. The method is simple, rapid and practical, generating thiazole derivatives in excellent isolated yields. This protocol is utilized for a commercially feasible synthesis of an anti-inflammatory agent, Fanetizole. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

}, keywords = {alpha-bromo ketone, ionic liquids, thiazoles, thiourea/thioamide}, issn = {0040-4020}, doi = {10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.036}, author = {Potewar, Taterao M. and Ingale, Sachin A. and Srinivasan, Kumar V.} } @article { ISI:000253366100001, title = {Rare earth metal triflates promoted diels-alder reactions in ionic liquids}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A-General}, volume = {335}, number = {1}, year = {2008}, month = {FEB}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {

Rare earth metal triflates, when used with ionic liquids can promote Diels-Alder reactions carried out with different dienes and dienophiles suggesting an enhancement in the catalytic power of the triflates in ionic liquids. It is possible to recover and reuse the ionic liquid phase with triflates to give comparable yields and stereoselectivities even after six cycles. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Diels-Alder reactions, ionic liquids, rare earth metal triflates}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2007.10.026}, author = {Sarma, Diganta and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000264326100007, title = {Dramatic change in viscosities of pure ionic liquids upon addition of molecular solvents}, journal = {Journal of Solution Chemistry}, volume = {38}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, month = {MAY}, pages = {589-600}, publisher = {SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}, address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}, abstract = {

Viscosities of binary mixtures of pyridinium based ionic liquids (1-butyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, [BP][BF(4)], 1-butyl 3-methyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate [3-MBP][BF(4)], 1-butyl 4-methyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, [4-MBP][BF(4)]), and phosphonium based ionic liquids, (tetrabutyl phosphonium alaninate, [TBP][Ala]; tetrabutyl phosphonium valinate, [TBP][Val]) with the molecular solvents, water, methanol and dichloromethane, have been measured at 298.15 K. A Brookfield ultra-rheometer was employed to measure the reported viscosities. The drop in viscosity in the close vicinity of pure ionic liquid is more prominent in polar solvents like water compared to less polar solvents. The temperature dependence of this observation was also studied for binary mixtures of [4-MBP][BF(4)] with water in range of 298.15-323.15 K. The Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) equation was employed to investigate the temperature dependence of the viscosities of pure pyridinium-based ionic liquids in the temperature range from 298.15-323.15 K.

}, keywords = {ionic liquids, Molecular solvents, VFT equations, viscosity}, issn = {0095-9782}, doi = {10.1007/s10953-009-9390-7}, author = {Khupse, Nageshwar D. and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000279017900002, title = {Ionic liquids: new materials with wide applications}, journal = {Indian Journal of Chemistry Section A-Inorganic Bio-Inorganic Physical Theoretical \& Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {49}, number = {5-6, SI}, year = {2010}, month = {MAY}, pages = {635-648}, publisher = {NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR}, address = {DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA}, abstract = {

Ionic liquids have emerged as possible substitutes for volatile organic solvents and have found many applications in a variety of research areas. In this review, an effort has been made to discuss the special properties of ionic liquids that render these unique solvent media useful in chemical transformations, electrochemical applications, extractions, etc.

}, keywords = {Chemical processes, Electrochemical devices, ionic liquids, Physicochemical properties, Solvent properties, viscosity}, issn = {0376-4710}, author = {Khupse, Nageshwar D. and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000275937400001, title = {Solvent-induced viscosity changes in ionic liquids - a review}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section A-Physical Sciences}, volume = {80}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, month = {JAN}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {NATL ACAD SCIENCES INDIA}, address = {5 LAJPATRAI RD, ALLAHABAD 211002, INDIA}, abstract = {

The high viscosity of several ionic liquids is an undesirable property for their applications in a variety of chemical reactions and electrochemical devices. Addition of a solvent in an ionic liquid is known to reduce its high viscosity to a great extent. In this review, an attempt has been made to examine the published data on the reduction in viscosities of many ionic liquids upon the addition of molecular solvents, including water. A tentative description has been provided for the drop in viscosities under these conditions. Analysis of the viscosity data with the help of empirical equations has been summarized. This critical review also outlines the future outlook of the required studies that might be useful to those who are interested in using ionic liquids for a variety of applications.

}, keywords = {ionic liquids, solvent, viscosity}, issn = {0369-8203}, author = {Khupse, Nageshwar D. and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000279017900010, title = {Temperature dependent viscosity of mixtures of ionic liquids at different compositions}, journal = {Indian Journal of Chemistry Section A-Inorganic Bio-Inorganic Physical Theoretical \& Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {49}, number = {5-6, SI}, year = {2010}, month = {MAY}, pages = {727-730}, publisher = {NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR}, address = {DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA}, abstract = {

This work presents experimental investigations of viscosities of the mixtures of ionic liquids, viz., [bmim][BF(4)] + [bmim][PF(6)] and [hmim][BF(4)] + [hmim][PF(6)] at different temperatures. The temperature dependence of viscosities of these mixtures has been analysed in the light of Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation with excellent accuracy. The viscosities of the mixtures have been analysed using a simple mixing rule.

}, keywords = {ionic liquids, viscosity}, issn = {0376-4710}, author = {Khupse, Nageshwar D. and Kurolikar, Shabana R. and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000307351500021, title = {High viscosity of ionic liquids causes rate retardation of Diels-Alder reactions}, journal = {Science China-Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {8, SI}, year = {2012}, month = {AUG}, pages = {1633-1637}, publisher = {SCIENCE PRESS}, address = {16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA}, abstract = {

Second order rate constants, k (2) have been determined for three bi-molecular Diels-Alder reactions to demonstrate that the high viscosity of ionic liquids can be a detrimental property in carrying out Diels-Alder reactions, if ionic liquids are employed as solvent media. It is possible to enhance the reaction rates of the reaction if a co-solvent is mixed in pure ionic liquid used as a solvent.

}, keywords = {Diels-Alder reactions, ionic liquids, kinetics, viscosity}, issn = {1674-7291}, doi = {10.1007/s11426-012-4684-9}, author = {Kumar, Anil and Pawar, Sanjay S.} } @article { ISI:000303921600036, title = {Probing thermal interactions of ionic liquids with dimethyl sulfoxide}, journal = {Chemphyschem}, volume = {13}, number = {7, SI}, year = {2012}, month = {MAY}, pages = {1927-1933}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Interactions between ionic liquids and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are probed by isothermal titration calorimetry. The excess partial molar enthalpies of ionic liquids H-IL(E) in DMSO are discussed in terms of solutesolvent interactions. The specific interaction theory originally developed by Pitzer is used to analyze the apparent molar enthalpy phi(L) of ionic liquids in DMSO with the help of ion-interaction parameters. Furthermore, quantitative information on solvent reorganization and clathrate formation is obtained and interpreted.

}, keywords = {calorimetry, dimethyl sulfoxide, ionic liquids, solvent effects, thermochemistry}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201100821}, author = {Rai, Gitanjali and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000327418000001, title = {Unusual salting effects in ionic liquid solutions}, journal = {Indian Journal of Chemistry Section A-Inorganic Bio-Inorganic Physical Theoretical \& Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {52}, number = {11}, year = {2013}, month = {NOV}, pages = {1377-1382}, publisher = {NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR}, address = {DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA}, abstract = {

Unusual salting effects of salting-out agents like LiCl and NaCl and salting-in agents like LiClO4 and NaClO4 in ionic liquid solutions are reported. It is observed that the salting behavior in water can be altered in the presence of ionic liquids. It is demonstrated that the salting-in agents in the presence of the ionic liquids with higher alkyl chain can display unusual fall and rise in the viscosity of the systems. On the other hand, no change in the behavior of the salting-out agents is noted in these ionic liquids. A tentative explanation is proposed for the observed viscosity data in these systems.

}, keywords = {Cationic ring, ionic liquids, Salting effects, viscosity}, issn = {0376-4710}, author = {Nanda, Raju and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000362834600003, title = {Experimental signature of microheterogeneity in ionic liquid-H2O systems and their perturbation by adding Li+ salts: a pulsed gradient spin-echo NMR approach}, journal = {Chemphyschem}, volume = {16}, number = {14}, year = {2015}, month = {OCT}, pages = {2936-2941}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Distinct microheterogeneity has been observed in the [OMIM]Br-H2O system, which is interestingly perturbed by the addition of Li+ salts, indicating unusual diffusivity of [OMIM]Br and H2O molecules. However, the diffusional dynamics of water clusters show contrasting salting behavior at higher concentrations of Li+ salts, following the classical salting phenomenon in lower amounts. In contrast, the existing microheterogeneity in the [BMIM]Br-H2O system is weak enough to show any perturbation caused by the Li+ salts on the NMR time scale.

}, keywords = {ionic liquids, lithium, microheterogeneity, salt effect, viscosity}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201500503}, author = {Nanda, Raju and Rajamohanan, P. R. and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000353289100023, title = {Interesting viscosity changes in the aqueous urea-ionic liquid system: effect of alkyl chain length attached to the cationic ring of an ionic liquid}, journal = {Journal of Solution Chemistry}, volume = {44}, number = {3-4, SI}, year = {2015}, month = {APR}, pages = {742-753}, publisher = {SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}, address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}, abstract = {

In the present article, we demonstrate the effect of urea on the structure of the ionic liquids in their aqueous solutions through viscometric methods. We unravel the structure altering effect of urea in its aqueous solutions of ionic liquids possessing higher alkyl chains. The finding is an attempt to discern the anomalous behavior of urea as shown in the past with the help of many techniques. Interestingly, in the aqueous solutions of the imidazolium based ionic liquids having substitution of -C4H9 and -C6H13 groups on the imidazolium ring, urea exhibits kosmotropic behavior. Further increase in the substituted alkyl group such as -C8H17 alters the urea behavior to be chaotropic.

}, keywords = {Alkyl chain length, ionic liquids, Structure-breaker, Structure-maker, Urea, viscosity}, issn = {0095-9782}, doi = {10.1007/s10953-015-0320-6}, author = {Nanda, Raju and Rai, Gitanjali and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000351833100018, title = {Synergistic effects and correlating polarity parameters in binary mixtures of ionic liquids}, journal = {Chemphyschem}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, year = {2015}, month = {APR}, pages = {1026-1034}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Understanding how a chemical reaction proceeds in solution requires precise knowledge of solute-solvent interactions. Certain issues involved in ionic liquid binary mixtures are still not clearly understood, including: 1) the effects of hydrogen-bond-acceptor basicity () of solvents on the synergistic effects found in ionic liquid-alcohol mixtures, 2) the interrelation between the polarity parameters in binary mixtures, and 3) the application of a model for the description of normalised electronic transition energy for all the binary mixtures. Here, a detailed analysis of polarity parameters in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids has been carried out. A three-parameter model developed by Roses et al. [J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 1997, 13411348] was found to be applicable to all the binary mixtures, and synergistic effects are generated as a result of high values of alcohols compared with those of the ionic liquids. A strong correlation was observed in the values and hydrophobicities of pure ionic liquids, suggesting that values can play a role in describing synergism.

}, keywords = {green chemistry, ionic liquids, liquids, noncovalent interactions, solvent effects}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201402825}, author = {Beniwal, Vijay and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000373738200010, title = {Comparative investigation of the ionicity of aprotic and protic ionic liquids in molecular solvents by using conductometry and NMR spectroscopy}, journal = {Chemphyschem}, volume = {17}, number = {7}, year = {2016}, month = {APR}, pages = {1006-1017}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

Electrical conductivity (sigma), viscosity (), and self-diffusion coefficient (D) measurements of binary mixtures of aprotic and protic imidazolium-based ionic liquids with water, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethylene glycol were measured from 293.15 to 323.15K. The temperature dependence study reveals typical Arrhenius behavior. The ionicities of aprotic ionic liquids were observed to be higher than those of protic ionic liquids in these solvents. The aprotic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmIm][BF4], displays 100\% ionicity in both water and ethylene glycol. The protic ionic liquids in both water and ethylene glycol are classed as good ionic candidates, whereas in DMSO they are classed as having a poor ionic nature. The solvation dynamics of the ionic species of the ionic liquids are illustrated on the basis of the (HNMR)-H-1 chemical shifts of the ionic liquids. The self-diffusion coefficients D of the cation and anion of [HmIm][CH3COO] in D2O and in [D-6]DMSO are determined by using H-1 nuclei with pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR spectroscopy.

}, keywords = {conducting materials, Electrochemistry, electrostatic interactions, Ion pairs, ionic liquids}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201501156}, author = {Thawarkar, Sachin and Khupse, Nageshwar D. and Kumar, Anil} } @article { ISI:000381182700004, title = {Spectacular rate enhancement of the diels-alder reaction at the ionic liquid/n-hexane interface}, journal = {Chemphyschem}, volume = {17}, number = {13}, year = {2016}, month = {JUL}, pages = {1969-1972}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {

The use of the ionic liquid/n-hexane interface as a new class of reaction medium for the Diels-Alder reaction gives large rate enhancements of the order of 10(6) to 10(8) times and high stereoselectivity, as compared to homogeneous media. The rate enhancement is attributed to the H-bonding abilities and polarities of the ionic liquids, whereas the hydrophobicity of ionic liquids was considered to be the factor in controlling stereoselectivity.

}, keywords = {Diels-Alder reaction, Interfaces, ionic liquids, kinetics, stereoselectivity}, issn = {1439-4235}, doi = {10.1002/cphc.201600006}, author = {Beniwal, Vijay and Manna, Arpan and Kumar, Anil} } @article {46812, title = {Selective monoalkylation of hydroquinone in the presence of SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts}, journal = {Chemical Papers}, volume = {74}, year = {2020}, month = {DEC}, pages = {4461-4471}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

A process aiming atO-alkylation of hydroquinone (HQ), where ionic liquids (ILs) act as catalyst is objectively described. Five SO3H-functionalized ILs having different cations were prepared and characterized by NMR and FTIR techniques. The acidity and thermal stability of ILs were determined by Hammett function and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The catalytic activity of these ILs were tested forO-alkylation of HQ with methanol in 4-methoxyphenol (4MP) in the presence of small amount of benzoquinone (BQ). The effect of reaction parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst loading and substrate concentration on the conversion of HQ and product distribution was examined and optimized to maximize the yield of 4MP using 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (IL2) catalyst. Maximum yield of desired product 4MP 93.79\% was obtained at 338 K temperature, 5.45 x 10(-2) mol HQ, 8.33 x 10(-3) mol BQ, and 10.37 mol\% catalyst loading in 120 min reaction time. Single-product formation was observed up to 338 K temperature but higher temperature (above 338 K) and longer reaction time resulted in the formation of 2,4-dimethoxyphenol (24DMP) as a by-product. Catalyst recyclability was also established up to the fifth run which showed no declination in its activity.

}, keywords = {4-Methoxyphenol, Benzoquinone, Hydroquinone, ionic liquids, O-alkylation}, issn = {2585-7290}, doi = {10.1007/s11696-020-01230-1, Early Access Date = JUN 2020}, author = {Bhongale, Priyanka V. and Joshi, Sunil S. and Mali, Nilesh A.} } @article {46946, title = {Synthesis of silver nanoparticles colloids in imidazolium halide ionic liquids and their antibacterial activities for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {243}, year = {2020}, month = {MAR}, pages = {125302}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

Four 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide ionic liquids were synthesized via metathesis and anion exchange reactions. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloids were synthesized in four ionic liquids in the pressurized reactor by reduction of silver nitrate with hydrogen gas, without adding solvents or stabilizing agents. Antibacterial activities of base ionic liquids and AgNPs colloids in ionic liquids were reviewed by well-diffusion method for gram-positive Bacillus cereus (NCIM-2155) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (NCIM-2931) bacteria. Antibacterial activities of ionic liquids and AgNPs colloids in ionic liquids were observed to be controlled by ionic liquids anions and AgNPs particle size. The 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid exhibited higher antibacterial activities among the studied ionic liquids. Further, the presence of AgNPs in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, ionic liquid enhanced its antibacterial activity for Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli bacteria. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Anion effect, antibacterial activity, Imidazolium halides, ionic liquids, silver nanoparticles}, issn = {0045-6535}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125302}, author = {Patil, Virendra and Mahajan, Swapnil and Kulkarni, Mohan and Patil, Kashinath and Rode, Chandrashekhar and Coronas, Alberto and Yi, Gi-Ra} } @article {48352, title = {Kinetic study on alkylation of hydroquinone with methanol over SO3H functionalized Bronsted acidic ionic liquids}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering}, volume = {100}, year = {2022}, month = {OCT}, pages = {2986-2996}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

O-alkylation of a dihydric phenol (i.e., hydroquinone) with methanol in presence of benzoquinone catalyzed by double SO3H functionalized Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (i.e., 1,3-disulphonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulphate, 1,3-disulphonic acid benzimidazolium hydrogen sulphate, and sulphuric acid) is studied in a batch reactor. The sensitivity of activity and selectivity with reaction time, temperature, speed of agitation, and catalyst loading was examined. The plausible reaction pathways proposed based on the experimental observations and detailed kinetic investigation are performed by assuming a homogeneous reaction phase. The kinetic parameters, such as pre-exponential factor and activation energy, are estimated for both ionic liquids and sulphuric acid by considering all competitive reactions, and comparative results were presented. An extended form of the Arrhenius equation is used to estimate the kinetic parameters for the reaction which showed curvature in lnk against a 1/T plot. The model prediction with the estimated kinetic parameters is in good agreement with the experimental data, which confirmed the model validity in the experimental operating range. It was found that ionic liquid has a potential application in the synthesis of a selective monoalkylated product of hydroquinone. The kinetic analysis performed is found to be useful in the understanding of process behaviour.

}, keywords = {4-Methoxyphenol, Hydroquinone, ionic liquids, Kinetic analysis, O-alkylation}, issn = {0008-4034}, doi = {10.1002/cjce.24307}, author = {Bhongale, V. Priyanka and Amonkar, Amogh A. and Joshi, Sunil S. and Mali, Nilesh A.} }