@article {48749,
	title = {Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Penicillium rubens and catalytic detoxification of ochratoxin A and organic dye pollutants},
	journal = {International Microbiology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2023},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {765-780},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	The environmental pollution caused by chemical dyes is a growing concern nowadays. Limitations of traditional methods opened the route for nanotechnology; owing to the versatile properties of nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) became a potential strategy for different applications. In the present study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (BioAuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with cell-free filtrate of Penicillium rubens sp. nov. NCIM 1937. The AuNPs were then characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, HR-TEM, FTIR, and DLS analysis to further examine their efficacious biosynthesis and morphological properties including size, shape, and stability. The biogenic AuNPs are polydisperse in nature, with a mean size of 14.92 +/- 5 nm. These AuNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli NCIM-2065, Bacillus subtilis NCIM-2010, and Penicillium verrucosum MTCC 4935. In vitro quantitative HPLC results revealed that BioAuNPs significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A (OTA). Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are intriguing for power generation and wastewater treatment since they can directly transform chemical energy stored in organic matter to electricity by extracellular electron transfer (EET) via membrane proteins. AuNPs also showed excellent potential for dye degradation of organic pollutants, viz., methylene blue (MB), phenol red (PR), bromothymol blue (BTB), Congo red (CR), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). All dye removal efficiencies were estimated and fitted to pseudo-first-order processes using kinetic rate constants (Ka).The present study reveals a simple, original, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of multifunctional biogenic AuNPs that could be effective in OTA detoxification in food products and organic pollutant removal during wastewater treatment for a sustainable environment.</p>
},
	keywords = {Catalytic organic dye degradation, gold nanoparticles, Ochratoxin A, Penicillium rubens, Penicillium verrucosum},
	issn = {1139-6709},
	doi = {10.1007/s10123-023-00341-5},
	author = {Bhandari, Yogesh and Varma, Sanjana and Sawant, Amol and Beemagani, Sreelatha and Jaiswal, Neha and Chaudhari, Bhushan P. and Vamkudoth, Koteswara Rao}
}
@article {49325,
	title = {Genome sequencing and analysis of penicillin V producing Penicillium rubens strain BIONCL P45 isolated from India},
	journal = {International Microbiology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2024},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {1473-1484},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Background A filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens is widely recognized for producing industrially important antibiotic, penicillin at industrial scale. Objective To better comprehend, the genetic blueprint of the wild-type P. rubens was isolated from India to identify the genetic/biosynthetic pathways for phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V, PenV) and other secondary metabolites. Method Genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated, and library was prepared as per Illumina platform. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed according to Illumina NovoSeq platform. Further, SOAPdenovo was used to assemble the short reads validated by Bowtie-2 and SAMtools packages. Glimmer and GeneMark were used to dig out total genes in genome. Functional annotation of predicted proteins was performed by NCBI non-redundant (NR), UniProt, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. Moreover, secretome analysis was performed by SignalP 4.1 and TargetP v1.1 and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and protease families by CAZy database. Comparative genome analysis was performed by Mauve 2.4.0. software to find genomic correlation between P. rubens BIONCL P45 and Penicillium chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255; also phylogeny was prepared with known penicillin producing strains by ParSNP tool. Results Penicillium rubens BIONCL P45 strain was isolated from India and is producing excess PenV. The 31.09 Mb genome was assembled with 95.6\% coverage of the reference genome P. chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 with 10687 protein coding genes, 3502 genes had homologs in NR, UniProt, KEGG, and GO databases. Additionally, 358 CAZymes and 911 transporter coding genes were found in genome. Genome contains complete pathways for penicillin, homogentisate pathway of phenyl acetic acid (PAA) catabolism, Andrastin A, Sorbicillin, Roquefortine C, and Meleagrin. Comparative genome analysis of BIONCL P45 and Wis 54-1255 revealed 99.89\% coverage with 2952 common KEGG orthologous protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BIONCL P45 was clustered with Fleming{\textquoteright}s original isolate P. rubens IMI 15378. Conclusion This genome can be a helpful resource for further research in developing fermentation processes and strain engineering approaches for high titer penicillin production.</p>
},
	keywords = {comparative genomics, Illumina NovoSeq, Penicillin biosynthesis, Penicillium rubens, Secondary metabolites, whole genome sequencing},
	issn = {1139-6709},
	doi = {10.1007/s10123-024-00491-0},
	author = {Sawant, Amol M. and Navale, Vishwambar D. and Vamkudoth, Koteswara Rao}
}
