@article {46897,
	title = {Solid catalysts for conversion of furfural and its derivatives to alkanediols},
	journal = {Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2020},
	month = {OCT },
	pages = {566-606},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {<p>Alkanediols with five and six carbon atoms (1,2- \&amp; 1,5-pentanediols and 1,2- \&amp; 1,6-hexanediols, respectively) are an important class of industrial chemicals having wide application. Their production from lignocellulosic biomass-derived furfural and its derivatives using solid catalysts is a sustainable and attractive approach. Several bifunctional catalysts with metal (for hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis) and acid/base (for ring opening) functionalities have been reported. Effective and selective conversion of furfurals to a desired diol is still a challenge. This review discusses the recent advances in catalyst development for pentane- and hexanediols. The reaction pathways, active sites, and possible reaction mechanisms over the solid catalysts are discussed. A comparative catalytic activity data of the known catalysts are reported.</p>
},
	keywords = {5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Alkanediol, furfural (FAL), hexanediol, pentanediol, solid catalyst},
	issn = {0161-4940},
	doi = {10.1080/01614940.2020.1744327, Early Access Date = APR 2020},
	author = {Enjamuri, Nagasuresh and Darbha, Srinivas}
}
@article {48674,
	title = {Selective and robust Ru catalyst for the aqueous phase aerobic oxidation of furfural to 2-furoic acid},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2023},
	month = {SEP },
	pages = {47004-47015},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Synthesis of 2-furoic acid (FURA) via oxidation of furfural (FAL) is vital in evolving the biorefinery concept as FURA has numerous important applications in the pharmaceuticals and optic areas. Though few works on this reaction are done, those are marred with shortcomings such as the nonrecyclability of catalyst, dilute solutions, lower yields, or use of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. Herein, we report catalytic aqueous phase oxidation of FAL to FURA using molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent. For the synthesis of FURA, various catalysts with a combination of metal (Pt, Pd, Ru) and supports (carbon, Al2O3) were prepared and characterized by multiple techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). Oxidation of FAL carried out over 5 wt \% Ru/C catalyst in the presence of Na2CO3 yielded 83\% of FURA at 120 degrees C and 15 bar oxygen pressure. The catalyst could show potential for reusability as similar activity was achieved after subjecting the spent catalyst to mild reduction treatment (150 degrees C). Studies on the effects of temperature, pressure, and time could help accomplish enhanced yields of FURA. Additionally, learning about the effect of base (weak/strong/solid) revealed that due to the weak basicity of Na2CO3, higher yields could be achieved by maintaining approximately a pH of 11, which is optimal for suppressing side reactions. Under the given conditions, FURA is stable (\&gt;90\%) and also adsorption studies divulge that it is immediately removed from the catalyst surface, and hence higher yields could be achieved in our catalytic system. Using the initial rates methodology, an activation energy of 21.91 kJ mol(-1) was derived and also a high turn over frequency (TOF) (85.9 h(-1)) was observed under optimized conditions.</p>
},
	keywords = {2-furoic acid (FURA), Biomass conversion, furfural (FAL), heterogeneous catalyst, Oxidation, ruthenium on carbon etc},
	issn = {1944-8244},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.3c09965},
	author = {Lokhande, Priya and Dhepe, Paresh L.}
}
