@article { ISI:000233129500064,
	title = {Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles and their endocytotic fate inside the cellular compartment: a microscopic overview},
	journal = {Langmuir},
	volume = {21},
	number = {23},
	year = {2005},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {10644-10654},
	publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
	type = {Article},
	address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Macrophages are one of the principal immune effector cells that play essential roles as secretory, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. In this study, we address the issue of cytotoxicity and immunogenic effects of gold nanoparticles on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles has been correlated with a detailed study of their endocytotic uptake using various microscopy tools such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal-laser-scanning microscopy (CFLSM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings suggest that Au(0) nanoparticles are not cytotoxic, reduce the production of reactive oxygen and nitrite species, and do not elicit secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL1-, making them suitable candidates for nanomedicine. AFM measurements suggest that gold nanoparticles are internalized inside the cell via a mechanism involving pinocytosis, while CFLSM and TEM studies indicate their internalization in lysosomal bodies arranged in perinuclear fashion. Our studies thus underline the noncytotoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible properties ofgold nanoparticles with the potential for application in nanoimmunology, nanomedicine, and nanobiotechnology.</p>},
	issn = {0743-7463},
	doi = {10.1021/la0513712},
	author = {Shukla, Ravi and Bansal, Vipul and Chaudhary, Manakshi and Basu, Atanu and Bhonde, Ramesh R. and Sastry, Murali}
}
@article {48796,
	title = {Double encapsulation of liquid active compounds using nanoclay reinforced polyurea microcapsules},
	journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},
	volume = {679},
	year = {2023},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {132547},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	In recent years, there has been growing interest in the double encapsulation of drugs, agrochemicals, and fragrances, aiming to achieve the highest encapsulation efficiency and preserve the activity of the encapsulated core over an extended duration. However, when active ingredients in liquid form are double encapsulated, preventing the rupture of primary microcapsules during the second encapsulation process and the leakage of the encapsulated core are major challenges. This report describes a method that utilizes polyurea and starch for successful double encapsulation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a liquid insect-repellent, as a model active component. We demonstrate that the incorporation of 3 wt\% montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay strengthens the polyurea wall of the primary microcapsule and prevents its rupture during double encapsulation with starch. This process facilitates the uniform distribution of polyurea microcapsules within the starch matrix and significantly improves the mechanical integrity of the nanocomposite microcapsules embedded in starch. The double-encapsulated system developed in this study significantly reduces the release rate of encapsulated DMP.</p>
},
	keywords = {Controlled release, Double encapsulation, Microcapsules, Microencapsulation, Nanocomposites, Starch matrix},
	issn = {0927-7757},
	doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.132547},
	author = {Aher, Yogeshwar P. and Torris, Arun and Adhikari, Benu and Shukla, Ravi and Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan}
}
