@article { ISI:000319610100003, title = {Synthesis and characterization of poly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone) s containing pendant biphenyl and naphthyl groups}, journal = {High Performance Polymers}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {MAY}, pages = {260-267}, publisher = {SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}, address = {1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}, abstract = {

New poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEKs) and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s (PEEKKs) containing pendant biphenyl and naphthyl groups were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of each of the four bisphenols viz., 1-(4- biphenylyl)- 1,1- bis(4- hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1-(4- biphenylyl)- 1,1- bis(3- methyl, 4- hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 4,4{\textquoteright}-[1-(2- naphthalenyl) ethylidene] bis-phenol and 4,4{\textquoteright}-[1-(2- naphthalenyl) ethylidene] bis-3-methylphenol with 4,4{\textquoteright}- difluorobenzophenone and 1,3- bis(4- fluorobenzoyl) benzene in a solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide and toluene in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Inherent viscosities and number-average molecular weights of polymers were in the range of 0.42-0.86 dl/g and 2.40-7.55 x 10(4), respectively. PEEKs and PEEKKs were amorphous in nature and were readily soluble in a wide range of organic solvents and could be cast into flexible and tough films from chloroform solution. Glass transition temperature of PEEKs and PEEKKs were in the range of 180 degrees C -200 degrees C. T-10 values of PEEKs and PEEKKs were in the range of 424 degrees C-512 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere, indicating their good thermal stability.

}, keywords = {biphenyl, bisphenol, naphthyl, poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s, poly(ether ether ketone)s, Polycondensation, Thermal properties}, issn = {0954-0083}, doi = {10.1177/0954008312462731}, author = {Honkhambe, Pandurang N. and Dhamdhere, Neelam A. and Tawade, Bhausaheb V. and Salunkhe, Manikrao M. and Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.} } @article { ISI:000363466600014, title = {Synthesis and characterization of polyetherimides containing multiple ether linkages and pendent pentadecyl chains}, journal = {Polymer International}, volume = {64}, number = {12}, year = {2015}, month = {DEC}, pages = {1770-1778}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, abstract = {

4-(4-(4-(4-Aminophenoxy)-2-pentadecylphenoxy)phenoxy)aniline (APPPA) was synthesized starting from cashew nut shell liquid-derived bisphenol, i.e. 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-pentadecylphenol, by nucleophilic substitution reaction with 4-chloronitrobenzene followed by reduction of the formed 4-(4-nitrophenoxy)-1-(4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenoxy)-2-pentadecylbenzene. Three new polyetherimides containing multiple ether linkages and pendent pentadecyl chains were synthesized by one-step high-temperature solution polycondensation of APPPA in m-cresol with three aromatic dianhydrides, i.e. 3,3,4,4-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride and 3,3,4,4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. Inherent viscosities and number-average molecular weights of the polyetherimides were in the ranges 0.66-0.70 dLg(-1) and 17100-29700gmol(-1) (gel permeation chromatography, polystyrene standards), respectively, indicating the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. The polyetherimides were soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, m-cresol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylsulfoxide, and could be cast into transparent, flexible and tough films from their solutions in chloroform. The polyetherimides exhibited glass transition temperatures (T-g) in the range 113-131 degrees C. The lowering of T-g could be attributed to the combined influence of flexibilizing ether linkages and pentadecyl chains which act as packing-disruptive{\textquoteright} groups. The temperature at 10\% weight loss (T-10), determined from thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere, was in the range 460-470 degrees C demonstrating good thermal stability. The virtues of solubility and large gap between T-g and T-10 mean that the polyetherimides containing pendent pentadecyl chains have possibilities for both solution as well as melt processability. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

}, keywords = {CNSL, ether linkage, pentadecyl, polyetherimide, processability}, issn = {0959-8103}, doi = {10.1002/pi.4978}, author = {Tawade, Bhausaheb V. and Kulkarni, Arun D. and Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.} } @article { ISI:000373492800012, title = {Synthesis and properties of poly(arylene ether)s based on 3-pentadecyl 4,4{\textquoteright}-biphenol}, journal = {Polymer International}, volume = {65}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {MAY}, pages = {567-576}, publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, address = {111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, abstract = {

A new biphenol, 3-pentadecyl 4,4-biphenol, was synthesized starting from 3-pentadecylphenol and was polycondensed with 4,4-difluorobenzophenone, 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene and bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone to obtain poly(arylene ether)s with biphenylene linkages in the backbone and pendent pentadecyl chains. Inherent viscosities and number-average molecular weights (M-n) of the poly(arylene ether)s were in the range 0.50 - 0.81 dL g(-1) and 2.2 x 10(4) - 8.3 x 10(4), respectively. Detailed NMR spectroscopic studies of the poly(arylene ether)s indicated the presence of constitutional isomerism which existed because of the non-symmetrical structure of 3-pentadecyl 4,4-biphenol. The poly(arylene ether)s readily dissolved in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran and could be cast into tough, transparent and flexible films from their chloroform solutions. The poly(arylene ether)s exhibited T-g values in the range 35-60 degrees C which are lower than that of reference poly(arylene ether)s without pentadecyl chains. The 10\% decomposition temperatures (T-10) of the poly(arylene ether)s were in the range 410-455 degrees C indicating their good thermal stability. A gas permeation study of poly(ether sulfone) containing pendent pentadecyl chains revealed a moderate increase in permeability for helium, hydrogen and oxygen. However, there was a large increase in permeability for carbon dioxide which could be attributed to the internal plasticization effect of pendent pentadecyl chains. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

}, keywords = {cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), gas permeation study, pentadecyl, poly(arylene ether)s, thermal stability}, issn = {0959-8103}, doi = {10.1002/pi.5095}, author = {Tawade, Bhausaheb V. and Shaligram, Sayali V. and Valsange, Nitin G. and Kharul, Ulhas K. and Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.} } @inbook {44022, title = {Step-growth polymers from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)-based aromatic difunctional monomers}, booktitle = {Cashew Nut Shell Liquid}, year = {2017}, pages = {163-214}, abstract = {

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an attractive renewable resource material which is available in abundance (44,50,000 tonnes worldwide and 7,53,000 tonnes in India in 2013) at low cost (around 0.27 $/kg in 2015) and is mainly composed of anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol and 2-methyl cardol. Cardanol is obtained as a major product during hot oil extraction or roasting process of CNSL. Cardanol possesses interesting structural features. The aromatic ring of cardanol can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions; the unsaturated side chain can undergo epoxidation, hydrogenation, metathesis, etc., while the phenolic hydroxyl group can undergo various reactions such as esterification and alkylation. Such opportunities of chemical modifications offered by cardanol have been extensively explored to synthesise a range of interesting aromatic difunctional monomers that have subsequently been utilised to prepare a host of step-growth polymers. Summarised herein are research efforts that have contributed towards the synthesis of step-growth polymers based on aromatic difunctional monomers derived from cardanol. The properties of high-performance polymers, with a particular focus on processability and thermal characteristics, are highlighted.

}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-47455-7_9}, author = {Chatterjee, Deepshikha and Sadavarte, Nilakshi V. and Shingte, Rahul D. and More, Arvind S. and Tawade, Bhausaheb V. and Kulkarni, Arun D. and Ichake, Amol B. and Avadhani, C. V. and Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.} } @article {42973, title = {Synthesis and characterization of polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s containing multiple arylene ether linkages and pendent pentadecyl chains}, journal = {High Performance Polymers}, volume = {29}, year = {2017}, month = {SEP}, chapter = {836-848}, abstract = {

A new diacylhydrazide monomer, namely, 4-(4-(4-(4-(hydrazinocarbonyl)phenoxy)-2-pentadecylphenoxy)phenoxy) benzohydrazide (HPPDPB), was synthesized starting from 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-pentadecylphenol. HPPDPB was polycondensed with terephthalic acid chloride (TPC), isophthalic acid chloride (IPC) and a mixture of TPC and IPC (50:50 mol\%) to obtain polyhydrazides containing multiple arylene ether linkages in the backbone and pendent pentadecyl chains. Polyhydrazides were subsequently cyclized in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride to obtain the corresponding poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s. Polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s exhibited inherent viscosities in the range 0.65{\textendash}0.72 dL g-1 and 0.54{\textendash}0.62 dL g-1, respectively, which indicated the formation of reasonably high-molecular weight polymers. Polyhydrazides were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and pyridine whereas poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s exhibited excellent solubility even in common organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran. Tough, transparent and flexible films of polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s could be cast from DMAc and chloroform solutions, respectively. X-Ray diffraction studies revealed amorphous nature of polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s and the formation of layered structure was observed due to ordered packing of pentadecyl chains. The 10\% decomposition temperature (T 10) values for poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s were in the range 425{\textendash}440{\textdegree}C indicating their good thermal stability. Glass transition temperature (T g) values of polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s were in the range 175{\textendash}192{\textdegree}C and 92{\textendash}103{\textdegree}C, respectively. The excellent solubility characteristics and the large gap between T g (92{\textendash}103{\textdegree}C) and T 10 (425{\textendash}440{\textdegree}C) values give poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)-containing pendent pentadecyl chains better opportunities for processability.

}, doi = {10.1177/0954008316660368}, author = {Tawade, Bhausaheb V. and Valsange, Nitin G. and Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.} }