@article { ISI:000238928100018,
	title = {Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid of chitosan-g-lactic acid and montmorillonite},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A},
	volume = {78A},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {372-382},
	publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
	type = {Article},
	address = {DIV JOHN WILEY \& SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA},
	abstract = {<p>The utilization of biopolymers and the development of organic-inorganic hybrids are ever increasing interest of material science researchers around the globe for various applications. The present attempt is intended to prepare nanocomposites of lactic acid grafted chitosan and layered silicates. Nanocomposites were prepared by dissolving chitosan and dispersing sodium montmorillonite in aqueous solution of L-lactic acid with subsequent heating and film casting. They were characterized by conventional techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The results from polar optical and transmission electron microscopic measurements are also discussed. Sorption behavior of samples has been followed by measuring swelling degree and contact angle. The films have shown enhanced hydrophilicity when compared with polylactic acid (PLA). Issues on the interactions of polycationic chitosan with clay are also discussed. It is observed that nanocomposites are exhibiting better thermal and physical properties than neat chitosang-LA and PLA. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>},
	keywords = {Chitosan, contact angle, graft copolymerization, Nanocomposites, polylactic acid, water absorption},
	issn = {1549-3296},
	doi = {10.1002/jbm.a.30738},
	author = {Depan, Dilip and Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Singh, Raj Pal}
}
@article { ISI:000288092200005,
	title = {Preparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)},
	journal = {Macromolecular Research},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2010},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {1160-1167},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>We report the synthesis of biomimetic nanocomposites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via a co-precipitation method. Physico-chemical characterization was performed before and after calcination by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of nanocomposites was observed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spectral and crystallographic data indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of CMC. They were observed as aggregates of HA nanoparticles and CMC, whose sizes were approximately similar to 260 +/- 40 nm. The crystallite size of the hydroxyapatite particles decreased (with 2 wt\% 18 +/- 3 nm) with increasing CMC content. The morphological aspects of the calcined samples revealed the sintering ability of HA nanoparticles. Nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles that mimic the process of nucleation and growth in nature can be prepared using biomacromolecules such as CMC.</p>},
	keywords = {biopolymer, cellulose, hydroxyapatite, Nanoparticles, Particle size, X-ray diffraction},
	issn = {1598-5032},
	doi = {10.1007/s13233-010-1208-3},
	author = {Kumar, Annamalai Pratheep and Mohaideen, Kamal Khaja and Alariqi, Sameh A. S. and Singh, Raj Pal}
}
