@article { ISI:000360889600001,
	title = {Ecological turmoil in evolutionary dynamics of plant-insect interactions: defense to offence},
	journal = {Planta},
	volume = {242},
	number = {4},
	year = {2015},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {761-771},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {<p>Available history manifests contemporary diversity that exists in plant-insect interactions. A radical thinking is necessary for developing strategies that can co-opt natural insect-plant mutualism, ecology and environmental safety for crop protection since current agricultural practices can reduce species richness and evenness. The global environmental changes, such as increased temperature, CO (2) and ozone levels, biological invasions, land-use change and habitat fragmentation together play a significant role in re-shaping the plant-insect multi-trophic interactions. Diverse natural products need to be studied and explored for their biological functions as insect pest control agents. In order to assure the success of an integrated pest management strategy, human activities need to be harmonized to minimize the global climate changes. Plant-insect interaction is one of the most primitive and co-evolved associations, often influenced by surrounding changes. In this review, we account the persistence and evolution of plant-insect interactions, with particular focus on the effect of climate change and human interference on these interactions. Plants and insects have been maintaining their existence through a mutual service-resource relationship while defending themselves. We provide a comprehensive catalog of various defense strategies employed by the plants and/or insects. Furthermore, several important factors such as accelerated diversification, imbalance in the mutualism, and chemical arms race between plants and insects as indirect consequences of human practices are highlighted. Inappropriate implementation of several modern agricultural practices has resulted in (i) endangered mutualisms, (ii) pest status and resistance in insects and (iii) ecological instability. Moreover, altered environmental conditions eventually triggered the resetting of plant-insect interactions. Hence, multitrophic approaches that can harmonize human activities and minimize their interference in native plant-insect interactions are needed to maintain natural balance between the existence of plants and insects.</p>},
	keywords = {Climatic change, Co-evolution, Ecosystem, Human interference, Plant-insect interaction},
	issn = {0032-0935},
	doi = {10.1007/s00425-015-2364-7},
	author = {Mishra, Manasi and Lomate, Purushottam R. and Joshi, Rakesh S. and Punekar, Sachin A. and Gupta, Vidya S. and Giri, Ashok P.}
}
@article {49189,
	title = {Engineering inhibitory repeat domains of Pin-II type proteinase inhibitors indicate their high structural-functional tolerance to mutagenesis},
	journal = {Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications},
	volume = {735},
	year = {2024},
	month = {NOV },
	pages = {150808},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	Plant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are critical in defending against biotic stress. Most PIs contain an inhibitory repeat domain (IRD), which serves as the functional component, displaying a high degree of sequence and structural conservation. In this study, we examined the structural and functional resilience of IRDs using a combination of computational modeling and experimental validation. We have taken an evolution-based approach to enhance the PIs effectiveness of two previously identified Capsicum annuum IRDs, IRD4 and IRD10. Through in silico site-saturation mutagenesis of IRD4 and IRD10, we identified key sites associated with enhanced PI activity for targeted mutagenesis. Binding energy predictions for a mutant IRD library, tested against target proteases, suggested that positions R11 and N32 in IRD4 and N32 and H33 in IRD10 were promising candidates for further modification to improve inhibitory potential. Subsequent experimental validation revealed that the mutant proteins IRD4_R11K and IRD4_N32S exhibited stronger chymotrypsin inhibition than the wild-type (WT) IRD4. Similarly, the mutants IRD10_N32S and IRD10_H33 N demonstrated improved trypsin inhibition relative to the WT IRD10. These findings indicate that engineered IRD variants can tolerate structural changes while maintaining or enhancing their inhibitory activity against target proteases. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of engineering PIs to increase their structural and functional resilience, offering new opportunities for biotechnological applications.</p>
},
	keywords = {Capsicum annum, Inhibitory repeat domain, molecular modeling, plant proteinase inhibitors, Proteases, Saturation mutagenesis},
	issn = {0006-291X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150808},
	author = {Barbole, Ranjit S. and Joshi, Rakesh S. and Giri, Ashok P.}
}
