@article { ISI:000343613000075,
	title = {Supramolecular transitions in native cellulose-I during progressive oxidation reaction leading to quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 6-carboxycellulose},
	journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2014},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {615-623},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {<p>Cellulose-I swells considerably in phosphoric acid, and converts to amorphous cellulose via a cellulose-II transition state. Controlled oxidation of cellulose-I to 6-carboxycellulose (6CC) using HNO3-H3PO4-NaNO2 oxidation system led to the selective production of 6CC{\textquoteright}s of varying carboxyl contents (1.7-22\%) as well as various shapes and sizes (macro-sized fibrils of several micron length and/or spherical nanoparticles of 25-35 nm), depending on the reaction conditions. 6CC{\textquoteright}s having less than 14\% carboxyl content were largely in cellulose-II form (WAXRD values in-between cellulose I and cellulose II), whereas at 14-22\% the 6CC{\textquoteright}s were largely amorphous; only trace crystallinity was observed at 19\% and 22\% carboxyl 6CC. Spherical nanoparticles retained a high degree of crystallinity having cellulose-I structure, whereas the macro-sized fibrils were largely converted to cellulose-II structure. Analysis by WAXRD as well as by CP-MAS C-13 NMR studies gave similar conclusions. Reduced molecular weight with progressive oxidation, including presence of oligomers, was also evident from an increase in the reducing-end carbon peak at similar to 92 ppm. For high oxidation levels (\&gt;14\%) the NMR 92-96 ppm peaks disappeared on extracting with dilute alkali, due to soluble oligomers being removed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>},
	keywords = {Carboxycellulose, cellulose, Nanoparticles, NMR, WAXRD},
	issn = {0144-8617},
	doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.056},
	author = {Sharma, Priyanka R. and Rajamohanan, Pattuparambil R. and Varma, Anjanikumar}
}
@article { ISI:000374811300057,
	title = {Shape and size engineered cellulosic nanomaterials as broad spectrum anti-microbial compounds},
	journal = {International Journal of Biological Macromolecules},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2016},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {460-465},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {<p>Oxidized celluloses have been used for decades as antimicrobial wound gauzes and surgical cotton. We now report the successful synthesis of a next generation narrow size range (25-35 nm) spherical shaped nanoparticles of 2,3,6-tricarboxycellulose based on cellulose I structural features, for applications as new antimicrobial materials. This study adds to our previous study of 6-carboxycellulose. A wide range of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (non-pathogenic as well as pathogenic strains) were affected by these polymers in in vitro studies. Activity against Mycobacteria were noted at high concentrations (MIC99 values 250-1000 mu g/ml, as compared to anti-TB drug Isoniazid 0.3 mu g/ml). However, the broad spectrum activity of oxidized celluloses and their nanoparticles against a wide range of bacteria, including Mycobacteria, show that these materials are promising new biocompatible and biodegradable drug delivery vehicles wherein they can play the dual role of being a drug encapsulant as well as a broad spectrum anti-microbial and anti-TB drug. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>},
	keywords = {Anti-microbial, cellulose, Spherical nanoparticles, Tricarboxycellulose},
	issn = {0141-8130},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.024},
	author = {Sharma, Priyanka R. and Kamble, Sunil and Sarkar, Dhiman and Anand, Amitesh and Varma, Anjanikumar}
}
