@article {48271,
	title = {Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone over nickel supported organoclay catalyst},
	journal = {Catalysis Today},
	volume = {408},
	year = {2023},
	month = {JAN },
	pages = {36-49},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	In this work, a series of Ni/Organoclay catalysts with different Nickel loadings were prepared by the wetimpregnation method for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL). Reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, solvent effect, and wt\% of catalyst were optimized to get excellent conversion of levulinic acid selectively to gamma-valerolactone. Ni/Organoclay with 30\% Nickel loading exhibited 100\% conversion of LA with 100\% selectivity towards GVL at 140 degrees C and 3.0 MPa H2 pressure using 1,4-dioxane as a solvent in 5 h. Different bulk and surface characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, XRF, NH3-TPD, and H2-Chemisorption were used to characterize the Ni/Organoclay catalyst. BET and NH3-TPD analysis showed that the pre-treatment of bentonite with surfactant (CTAB) improved the pore volume, surface area, and acidity of Organoclay which assisted in improving the conversion and selectivity of LA and GVL respectively.</p>
},
	keywords = {?-Valerolactone (GVL), Bentonite, Hydrogenation, Levulinic acid (LA), Nickel, organoclay},
	issn = {0920-5861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2022.10.004},
	author = {Kamble, Paresh A. and Vinod, C. P. and Rathod, Virendra K. and Kantam, Mannepalli Lakshmi}
}
@article {48458,
	title = {Imine oxidation catalyzed by zinc hydroxyapatite: kinetic studies},
	journal = {ChemistrySelect},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2023},
	month = {MAY},
	pages = {e202203503},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>
	The synthesis of N,N-diphenylformamide from N-benzylideneaniline and urea hydrogen peroxide is investigated using a zinc hydroxyapatite (ZnHAP) catalyst. It was found that the catalyst resulted in the highest activity of 91 \% conversion and 40 \% selectivity at 130 degrees C in 2 h. A kinetic model was validated by Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) at different temperatures and the absence of mass transfer resistance was proved by the Weisz Prater criterion. Effect of different catalysts, catalyst loading, temperature, mole-ratio, and speed of stirring was studied. The as-synthesized catalyst is characterized by FTIR, BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption, TEM, EDX, TPD-NH3, XPS, ICP-MS and XRD. ZnHAP catalyst was found to be stable up to three recycles with no loss in activity.</p>
},
	keywords = {heterogeneous catalysis, hydroxyapatite, imines, Oxidation, Reaction kinetics},
	issn = {2365-6549},
	doi = {10.1002/slct.202203503},
	author = {Vishwakarma, Rakhi and Vinod, C. P. and Rathod, Virendra K. and Kantam, Mannepalli Lakshmi}
}
