@inbook {47326, title = {Chapter 9. continuous flow synthesis of nanomaterials}, booktitle = {Flow Chemistry }, year = {2020}, pages = {316-339}, publisher = {RSC}, organization = {RSC}, abstract = {

Continuous flow synthesis of nanoparticles is now a well-accepted and reliable synthesis approach that gives consistent product properties. This chapter aims to do a critical analysis of the recent work in some of the relevant areas and gives specific recommendations where flow synthesis of nanomaterials can be realized as a reliable manufacturing process. The chapter also highlights the typical engineering issues that one needs to consider while transforming a batch synthesis protocol into continuous mode and its scale-up.

}, doi = {10.1039/9781788016094-00316}, author = {Kulkarni, Amol A. and Jundale, Rajashri B.} } @article {46677, title = {Understanding the role of solvent properties on reaction kinetics for synthesis of silica nanoparticles}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal}, volume = {398}, year = {2020}, month = {OCT}, pages = {125427}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The effect of various alcoholic solvents and their compositions on the size of silica particles synthesized through hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is studied. The alcohols used are: Methanol, ethanol, propanol, i-propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol and do-decanol. Ethanol was used as a co-solvent with the higher molecular weight alcohols. Silica particles of size between 100 nm and 2 mu m were obtained by changing solvent composition. Concentrations of total soluble silica and silicic acid were measured and used for exploring the kinetics of hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Polarity, steric hindrance and viscosity of solvent were found to have a strong influence on the rate constants and size of silica nanoparticles. An attempt is made to correlate both final particle size and rate constants with dielectric constant, Wiener index and viscosity of the solvent.

}, keywords = {condensation, Hydrolysis, kinetics, silica particles, Solvents, Stober process}, issn = {1385-8947}, doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2020.125427}, author = {Bari, Atul H. and Jundale, Rajashri B. and Kulkarni, Amol. A.} } @article {48686, title = {Insights into the synthesis and kinetics of silver-on-silica core-shell particles}, journal = {Langmuir}, volume = {39}, year = {2023}, month = {JUL}, pages = {9681-9692}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

In this study, a heterogeneous nucleation and growthmodel hasbeen developed to explore the formation mechanism of silver-depositedsilica core-shell particles based on the reaction kinetics.To validate the core-shell model, the time-dependent experimentaldata were quantitatively examined and in situ reduction,nucleation, and growth rates were estimated by optimizing the concentrationprofiles of reactants and deposited silver particles. Using this model,we also attempted to predict the change in the surface area and diameterof core-shell particles. The concentration of the reducingagent, metal precursor, and reaction temperature were found to havea strong influence on the rate constants and morphology of core-shellparticles. Higher rates of nucleation and growth often produced thick,asymmetric patches that covered the entire surface, whereas lowerrates produced sparsely deposited silver particles with a sphericalshape. The result revealed that by simply tuning the process parametersand controlling the relative rates, the morphology of deposited silverparticles and the surface coverage can be controlled while retainingthe spherical shape of the core. The present study aims to offer comprehensivedata pertaining to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence processesof core-shell nanostructures which will aid in the developmentand understanding of the principles that govern the formation of nanoparticle-coatedmaterials.

}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00624}, author = {Jundale, Rajashri B. and Bari, Atul H. and Kulkarni, Amol A.} }